Metal grafted high enthalpy porous solids in hydrogen storage

金属接枝高焓多孔固体在储氢中的应用

• 批准号: 354977-2007
• 负责人: Antonelli, David
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=402383
• 关键词: Metal; grafted; enthalpy; porous; solids

Hydrogen is the leading alternative fuel for automotive applications because it has the highest energy per unit weight and produces only water as a byproduct. However, its implementation has been hindered because it is very difficult to store in a small enough space to be practical. For this reason, solids have been developed which hold large amounts of hydrogen in compact volumes. The most important feature in designing such a hydrogen storage material is the binding strength between the hydrogen and the substrate. This feature determines how much energy is required to either hold the hydrogen or release the hydrogen. Ideally this value would fall in the range where neither heating nor cooling is required because this places excess demands on automobile design. For the first time materials possessing a high concentration of sites possessing a close to ideal binding strength for room temperature applications have been synthesized. This was acheived in our labs by using surface-bound organometallic fragments as principle binding sites via a sigma-H2 complex. The maximum binding enthalpies of 22.15 kJ/mol are more than twice that previously observed, leading to storage values of 22.15% at -196 °C. The Ti units on the surface bind 2.7 H2 at this temperature and 1.1 H2 at room temperature. This proposal aims at systematically optimizing and improving these materials, and related carbon-based analogues to the point where commercial applications are feasible. These materials will also be explored by various physical techniques at Hydro Quebec, Windsor, NREL and NIST in order to more fully understand the binding mechanism of the hydrogen and further improve performance.

氢是汽车应用的主要替代燃料，因为它具有最高的单位重量能量，并且只产生水作为副产品。 然而，它的实施受到阻碍，因为它很难存储在足够小的空间中。 由于这个原因，已经开发出在紧凑体积中容纳大量氢的固体。 在设计这种储氢材料时，最重要的特征是氢与基底之间的结合强度。 这个特征决定了需要多少能量来保持氢或释放氢。 理想情况下，该值将落在既不需要加热也不需要冷却的范围内，因为这对汽车设计提出了额外的要求。 首次合成了具有高浓度位点的材料，这些位点具有接近室温应用的理想结合强度。 这是在我们的实验室中通过使用表面结合的有机金属片段作为通过σ-H2络合物的主要结合位点来实现的。 最大结合能量为22.15 kJ/mol，是之前观察到的两倍多，在-196 °C下的储存值为22.15%。 表面上的Ti单元在该温度下结合2.7 H2，在室温下结合1.1 H2。 该提案旨在系统地优化和改进这些材料以及相关的碳基类似物，使其商业应用可行。 这些材料还将在Hydro魁北克、温莎、NREL和NIST通过各种物理技术进行探索，以便更全面地了解氢的结合机制并进一步提高性能。