Development of designer microbial consortia for bioconversion of cellulose to energy and value-added products

开发设计微生物联盟，将纤维素生物转化为能源和增值产品

• 批准号: 365076-2008
• 负责人: Hausner, Martina
• 金额: $ 10.65万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=406493
• 关键词: Development; designer; microbial; consortia; bioconversion

As traditional energy supplies become diminished, there is an increasing need for a sustainable production of useful renewable energy. Biological conversion of a plentiful source of energy, plant biomass, to organic fuels, hydrogen, electricity and other useful products, is a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Cellulose, a major component of plant biomass and of cellulosic wastes, can be decomposed by a wide variety of cellulolytic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mixed cultures. Microbial cellulose-degrading consortia are complex communities and the contributions of individual consortium members to the functioning of the consortium as a whole are not well understood. Specifically, the carbon flow from the cellulose substrate to various end products is not well elucidated. Previous studies have shown that especially anaerobic microorganisms degrade cellulose most efficiently, when they grow attached to cellulose fibers. We propose to investigate the link between structure and function of complex cellulose degrading communities. Our working hypothesis is that attached microbial growth in the form of a biofilm will facilitate niche formation which can be exploited by microorganisms with different physiological requirements, ultimately leading to a greater metabolic diversity and thus effective cellulose degradation. The long-term objective of the proposed research is to obtain well characterized mixed cultures with the ability to rapidly hydrolyse cellulose and to synthesize value-added products. Strains isolated from such communities will be used to produce "designer consortia" which will efficiently degrade cellulose. The results will be relevant both for fundamental research on microbe-substrate

随着传统能源供应的减少，越来越需要可持续地生产有用的可再生能源。生物转化丰富的能源，植物生物量，为有机燃料，氢，电和其他有用的产品，是一个可行的替代化石燃料。纤维素是植物生物量和纤维素废物的主要成分，可被多种纤维素分解的好氧和厌氧细菌和混合培养物分解。微生物纤维素降解菌群是复杂的群落，个体菌群成员对整个菌群功能的贡献尚不清楚。具体来说，从纤维素底物到各种最终产物的碳流还没有很好地阐明。以前的研究表明，尤其是厌氧微生物，当它们附着在纤维素纤维上生长时，降解纤维素的效率最高。我们建议研究复合纤维素降解群落的结构和功能之间的联系。我们的工作假设是，附着的微生物以生物膜的形式生长，将促进生态位的形成，可以被不同生理需求的微生物利用，最终导致更大的代谢多样性，从而有效地降解纤维素。所提出的研究的长期目标是获得具有快速水解纤维素和合成增值产品能力的特性良好的混合培养物。从这些群落中分离出来的菌株将被用来生产“设计菌群”，它将有效地降解纤维素。研究结果对微生物-基质的基础研究具有重要意义