High efficiency DNA transfer into mammalian and non-mammalian cells

除了使用整个动物，如青蛙、老鼠或鱼来回答生物学问题外，还有许多来自这些动物的细胞可以单独使用来提出不同的问题，这些问题可能是用整个动物来解决的。许多这样的体外细胞系存在，它们是宝贵的研究工具，因为细胞系的多样性使它们能够用于互补方法来检查不同的细胞功能（迁移，分化，信号传导，转化）。基因组测序、CHIP筛选和其他技术的出现，加上成像系统的进步，现在已经形成了一个科学时代，有机会研究蛋白质的功能，这是前所未有的。然而，尽管取得了进展，许多有用的细胞系具有明显的且通常相当低的DNA转移或转染效率。将外源DNA或RNA引入细胞的能力对于解决许多最相关的问题至关重要，如特定蛋白质如何发挥作用，不同的细胞系具有不同的吸收外源DNA的能力。当在不同细胞系之间比较蛋白质的功能时，这是有问题的。事实上，针对特定细胞系存在的优化转染方案往往不一样，并且在使用和比较多个细胞系时引入可变性。因此，一种既可用于哺乳动物细胞转染又可用于非哺乳动物细胞转染的高效DNA转移系统将允许细胞系之间的标准化，从而促进数据的整合。

In addition to using whole animals, such as frogs, mice or fish, to answer biological questions, there are numerous cells from such animals that can be used on their own to ask different questions that might be possible with a whole animal. Many such in vitro cell lines exist and they are invaluable research tools as the variety of cell lines allows them to be used in complementary approaches to examine different cellular functions (migration, differentiation, signalling, transformation). The advent of genomic sequencing, CHIP screening, and other technologies, coupled with advances with imaging systems, has now fostered in an era of science, where there are opportunities to investigate a protein's function(s) as never before. However, despite advances, many useful cell lines have distinct and often quite low DNA transfer or transfection efficiencies. The ability to introduce exogenous DNA or RNA into a cell is pivotal to address many of the most pertinent questions as to how specific proteins function, and different cell lines have different abilities to take up exogenous DNA. This is problematic when the functions of proteins are compared between different cell lines. Indeed optimized transfection protocols that do exist for a given cell line are often unlike, and introduce variability when several cell lines are used and compared. As such, a high efficiency DNA transfer system that can be used for both mammalian and non-mammalian cell transfections would allow for standardization between cell lines, and would thus facilitate an integration of data.