Behavioural ecology and demography of north pacific seabirds

北太平洋海鸟的行为生态学和人口统计学

• 批准号: 182591-2008
• 负责人: Jones, Ian
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=422898
• 关键词: Behavioural; ecology; demography; north; pacific

My research focuses on the biology of seabirds - those birds that come to land only to breed and otherwise remain offshore. Seabirds live a long time, have long-term monogamous pair bonds, and usually nest in colonies, making them an ideal subject for biological studies concerned about mate choice and how populations are naturally (and un-naturally) regulated. My previous work confirmed a link between climate variability and survival at one island during 1990-2007. My proposed study aims to expand this with work on four bird species at four remote Pacific Islands during 2008-2012. Survival estimates, relationships between survival and climate, and inter-island differences in survival will be evaluated. The results will have profound implications for our understanding of links between seabirds, biological processes in the ocean, and climate. We are also investigating sexual selection (the evolutionary force related to mating that explains colourful, bizarre and often costly adornments displayed) and monogamy and how these relate to populations. Unraveling the evolutionary mechanisms of sexual selection has provided one of the most controversial and interesting problems in biology. Our previous research showed the first evidence for mutual sexual selection and for mating preferences by one bird species for adornments naturally occurring in another species, showed ornaments being favoured by mate choice and simultaneously acting as signals of dominance, and revealed an ornament with a secondary sensory (touch) function. My proposed future research will address questions about the function of elaborate ornaments and displays and population consequences of sexual selection. Our group will be looking at how adornments and preferences change as individuals age, how this affects lifetime reproductive success and whether both preferences and adornments vary among isolated populations. Altogether, our work will demonstrate how varying climate and predation, combined with sexually-selected reproductive decisions, all determine population change. Taken together, the results will contribute to a better understanding of seabird biology with broad implications for conservation and management of marine wildlife.

我的研究主要集中在海鸟的生物学上--这些鸟只会在陆地上繁殖，否则就留在近海。海鸟寿命长，有长期的一夫一妻制，通常在殖民地筑巢，使它们成为生物学研究的理想对象，这些研究涉及配偶选择以及种群如何自然（和非自然）调节。 我以前的工作证实了1990-2007年期间气候变化与一个岛屿的生存之间的联系。 我提出的研究旨在扩大这一工作的四个鸟类物种在四个偏远的太平洋岛屿在2008年至2012年。 将评估生存率估计数、生存率与气候之间的关系以及岛屿间生存率的差异。 这些结果将对我们理解海鸟、海洋生物过程和气候之间的联系产生深远的影响。 我们也在研究性选择（与交配有关的进化力量，解释了色彩缤纷、奇异且往往昂贵的装饰品）和一夫一妻制，以及它们与种群的关系。 解开性选择的进化机制是生物学中最有争议和最有趣的问题之一。 我们之前的研究首次证明了一种鸟类对另一种鸟类自然存在的装饰物的相互性选择和交配偏好，表明装饰物受到配偶选择的青睐，同时作为优势的信号，并揭示了一种具有次要感觉（触摸）功能的装饰物。 我建议未来的研究将解决的问题，精心装饰和显示的功能和人口的性选择的后果。 我们的小组将研究装饰和偏好如何随着个人年龄的增长而变化，这如何影响一生的生殖成功，以及偏好和装饰是否在孤立的人群中有所不同。 总而言之，我们的工作将展示如何变化的气候和捕食，结合性别选择的生殖决定，都决定人口的变化。 总之，研究结果将有助于更好地了解海鸟生物学，对海洋野生动物的保护和管理产生广泛的影响。