Viruses in aquatic systems

病毒的丰度为每毫升1至1亿个，是迄今为止海洋中数量最多的“生命形式”；如果将病毒端对端放置，它们在海洋中的延伸距离将超过最近的60个星系。它们每秒感染阿伏伽德罗数的细胞，是死亡率、生物地球化学循环和浮游生物群落结构的主要参与者。原核生物构成了世界海洋中的大部分生物量，每天约有10%至20%的生物量被病毒分解，导致浮游植物通过病毒分流固定了6%至26%的碳。病毒除了具有重要的生态和地球化学意义外，还代表着海洋中最大的遗传多样性。本提案中概述的研究重点是了解和量化病毒对海洋浮游生物系统的影响，并描述其巨大的遗传和生物多样性。

At abundances of 1 to 100 million/mL, viruses are by far the most numerous "lifeforms" in the ocean; if placed end-to-end, viruses in the sea would stretch farther than the nearest 60 galaxies. They infect Avogadro's number cells per second, and are major players in mortality, biogeochemical cycling and structuring planktonic communities. Prokaryotes constitute most of the biomass in the world's oceans, and ~10 to 20 % of this biomass is lysed daily by viruses, resulting in 6 to 26 % of carbon fixed by phytoplankton passing through the viral shunt. In addition to their ecological and geochemical importance, viruses represent the greatest genetic diversity in the sea. The research outlined in this proposal is focused on understanding and quantifying the impact of viruses on marine planktonic systems, and characterizing their enormous genetic and biological diversity.