Measuring and modeling soil water budgets

土壤水预算的测量和建模

• 批准号: 203030-2008
• 负责人: Parkin, Gary
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=423782
• 关键词: Measuring; modeling; soil; water; budgets

Water is our most precious resource. This research program will advance knowledge on measuring and modeling water flow and contaminant transport through field soils under different agricultural management practices and climatic regimes. The research results will be of significant interest to farm commodity groups, government agricultural research scientists and engineers, and others managing and studying soil water and groundwater resources in rural areas. The results could be used to predict least-impact timing of nutrient and manure applications, irrigation timing and amount, design of drainage systems to minimize groundwater contamination, etc. The main objectives of the research program are to develop new methods of measuring and modeling temporal variability of soil hydrologic properties under different agricultural management practices and climatic regimes, calibrate and validate new models using the field data, and develop a database of long-term soil water balances for different regions of Canada. A combination of instrument development, fieldwork and computer modeling will be used to fulfill the objectives. The first step is to develop novel methods of automatically and continuously measuring soil hydrologic properties in the field using multipurpose soil water sensors. The field data will be used to calibrate and test a new model that estimates the soil water balance using crop, climatic and soil hydrologic property data as main inputs. The new model will include factors critical to many Canadian agricultural regions such as the effects of freezing and thawing, tile drainage, and temporal variability of soil hydrologic properties on the estimated soil water balance. Even in today's most sophisticated water balance simulation models, allowing for the effects of changes in soil hydrologic properties during the growing and non-growing seasons is currently unavailable. Temporal variability in soil hydrologic properties may be even more important than spatial, but it has received relatively little attention. As a long-term goal, the database of model estimated evapotranspiration, deep drainage, and runoff for different cropping systems and regions in Canada will be made available to the public on the Internet.

水是我们最宝贵的资源。该研究计划将推进在不同农业管理实践和气候条件下测量和建模田间土壤中水流和污染物传输的知识。研究结果将对农业商品集团、政府农业研究科学家和工程师以及其他管理和研究农村地区土壤水和地下水资源的人产生重大影响。研究结果可用于预测影响最小的养分和粪肥施用时间，灌溉时间和数量，排水系统的设计，以尽量减少地下水污染等研究计划的主要目标是开发新的方法来测量和模拟不同农业管理措施和气候条件下土壤水文特性的时间变异性，使用实地数据校准和验证新模型，并为加拿大不同地区开发长期土壤水分平衡数据库。仪器开发，现场工作和计算机建模的组合将用于实现目标。第一步是开发使用多用途土壤水传感器自动连续测量田间土壤水文特性的新方法。实地数据将用于校准和测试一个新的模型，该模型使用作物、气候和土壤水文特性数据作为主要输入来估计土壤水分平衡。新模型将包括许多加拿大农业地区的关键因素，如冻融，瓷砖排水，土壤水文特性的时间变异性的影响，估计土壤水分平衡。即使在今天最复杂的水平衡模拟模型中，考虑到生长季节和非生长季节土壤水文特性变化的影响，目前也是不可用的。土壤水文特性的时间变异性可能比空间变异性更重要，但它受到的关注相对较少。作为一项长期目标，将在互联网上向公众提供加拿大不同种植制度和地区的蒸散、深层排水和径流模型估计数据库。