Measuring and modeling soil water budgets

土壤水预算的测量和建模

• 批准号: 203030-2008
• 负责人: Parkin, Gary
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=453090
• 关键词: Measuring; modeling; soil; water; budgets

Water is our most precious resource. This research program will advance knowledge on measuring and modeling water flow and contaminant transport through field soils under different agricultural management practices and climatic regimes. The research results will be of significant interest to farm commodity groups, government agricultural research scientists and engineers, and others managing and studying soil water and groundwater resources in rural areas. The results could be used to predict least-impact timing of nutrient and manure applications, irrigation timing and amount, design of drainage systems to minimize groundwater contamination, etc. The main objectives of the research program are to develop new methods of measuring and modeling temporal variability of soil hydrologic properties under different agricultural management practices and climatic regimes, calibrate and validate new models using the field data, and develop a database of long-term soil water balances for different regions of Canada. A combination of instrument development, fieldwork and computer modeling will be used to fulfill the objectives. The first step is to develop novel methods of automatically and continuously measuring soil hydrologic properties in the field using multipurpose soil water sensors. The field data will be used to calibrate and test a new model that estimates the soil water balance using crop, climatic and soil hydrologic property data as main inputs. The new model will include factors critical to many Canadian agricultural regions such as the effects of freezing and thawing, tile drainage, and temporal variability of soil hydrologic properties on the estimated soil water balance. Even in today's most sophisticated water balance simulation models, allowing for the effects of changes in soil hydrologic properties during the growing and non-growing seasons is currently unavailable. Temporal variability in soil hydrologic properties may be even more important than spatial, but it has received relatively little attention. As a long-term goal, the database of model estimated evapotranspiration, deep drainage, and runoff for different cropping systems and regions in Canada will be made available to the public on the Internet.

水是我们最宝贵的资源。该研究计划将增进在不同农业管理实践和气候条件下测量和模拟水流和污染物通过田间土壤迁移的知识。研究结果将引起农业商品团体、政府农业研究科学家和工程师以及其他管理和研究农村地区土壤水和地下水资源的人员的极大兴趣。结果可用于预测影响最小的养分和肥料施用时机、灌溉时机和用量、排水系统设计以尽量减少地下水污染等。该研究计划的主要目标是开发测量和模拟不同农业管理实践和气候条件下土壤水文特性时间变化的新方法，使用现场数据校准和验证新模型，并开发长期土壤水数据库 加拿大不同地区的余额。将结合仪器开发、现场工作和计算机建模来实现这些目标。第一步是开发使用多用途土壤水传感器自动连续测量现场土壤水文特性的新方法。现场数据将用于校准和测试一个新模型，该模型以作物、气候和土壤水文特性数据作为主要输入来估计土壤水平衡。新模型将包括对许多加拿大农业地区至关重要的因素，例如冻融、瓦片排水以及土壤水文特性的时间变化对估计土壤水平衡的影响。即使在当今最复杂的水平衡模拟模型中，目前也无法考虑生长季节和非生长季节土壤水文性质变化的影响。土壤水文特性的时间变化可能比空间变化更重要，但它受到的关注相对较少。作为长期目标，加拿大不同耕作制度和地区的蒸散量、深层排水和径流模型估计数据库将在互联网上向公众开放。