The role of viruses and virus-like elements in gene exchange

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The research proposed here is important for understanding the role that viruses play in the movement of genetic material between cells. This phenomenon of genetic exchange has significant consequences for the current state of life on Earth. It is a major mechanism by which bacteria change their genetic makeup. It may turn out to be important for higher organisms as well. To address these larger questions, I use a specific model system, the Gene Transfer Agent of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. This model microbiological system is amenable to many essential molecular genetic techniques, facilitating this research and making it a suitable study system. The short-term goal of this research is to characterize how one virus-like gene transfer system functions, and to assess the prevalence of this and related systems in natural environments. Understanding the Gene Transfer Agent is an important and realistic step towards determining the prevalence and importance of virus-mediated gene transfer, the long-term goal of this research. This research uses modern techniques in the areas of microscopy, genetics and bioinformatics. The knowledge gained from study of this specific system falls within the general category of bacterial genetics, but the research aims to ultimately address the larger global involvement of viruses in gene flow. This research will contribute to our understanding of microbial genetics and diversity. It will also benefit Canada through the training of students and scientists who can then use their training for careers in health sciences, industry or academics.