Genetic characterization of the triticum-stagonospora nodorum pathosystem

小麦-鹿孢菌病理系统的遗传特征

• 批准号: 341644-2007
• 负责人: McCartney, Curt
• 金额: $ 1.91万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=429775
• 关键词: Genetic; characterization; triticum; stagonospora; nodorum

Plant diseases cause significant economic losses to field and horticultural crops in Canada, affecting the entire Canadian economy from producers to consumers. Direct financial losses result from decreased quantity and quality of plant produce, but indirect costs can result from pathogen-produced toxins that affect human and animal health. Fungal pathogens cause the majority of plant diseases and have evolved different strategies for successfully infecting their plant hosts. One strategy is necrotrophy, where the fungus kills host tissue before or during fungal invasion. Nutrients are extracted from the dead host tissue for fungal growth and reproduction. The production of toxins is a key determinant of pathogenesis for necrotrophic fungi. The long-term goal of this research program is to uncover the molecular basis of interactions between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and their plant hosts. The Triticum-Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem will be used in this research as a model pathosystem. S. nodorum (synonym Septoria nodorum, teleomorph Phaeosphaeria nodorum) is a common necrotrophic pathogen of Triticum aestivum (common wheat) and Triticum turgidum subspecies durum (durum wheat) in Canada, and causes the leaf spotting disease stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB). The main objectives of this program are: 1) the identification of the fungal genes involved in the pathogenesis of Triticum species by S. nodorum and 2) identification of Triticum genes conferring SNB resistance. A combination of linkage and association mapping strategies will be used to study the genetics of host-pathogen interactions. Linkage mapping is a robust genetic analysis method that has been widely applied in plant and fungal genetic research. Association mapping is a novel gene mapping approach used extensively in human and animal genetic research. These studies will provide insight into the genetic basis of virulence and pathogenicity of a necrotrophic pathogen, and identify and characterize resistance genes in the host. This information will advance scientific knowledge in this discipline and has applications in breeding of disease resistant crops.

植物病害给加拿大的大田和园艺作物造成了巨大的经济损失，影响了从生产者到消费者的整个加拿大经济。直接经济损失是由于植物产品的数量和质量下降造成的，但间接成本可能是病原体产生的影响人类和动物健康的毒素造成的。真菌病原体引起了大多数植物疾病，并进化出了不同的策略来成功地感染它们的植物寄主。一种策略是坏死营养，即真菌在真菌入侵之前或期间杀死宿主组织。从死亡的宿主组织中提取营养物质，以供真菌生长和繁殖。毒素的产生是坏死性真菌致病的关键决定因素。这项研究计划的长期目标是揭示坏死性真菌病原体与它们的植物寄主之间相互作用的分子基础。本研究将以小麦-链霉病菌为研究对象，将其作为模式病理系统进行研究。结球黑粉菌(S.nodorum)是加拿大普通小麦(Triticum Aestivum)和普通小麦(Triticum Turgium)亚种硬粒小麦(Triticum Turgium)的常见坏死性病原菌，引起叶斑病(Stagospora Nodorum blotch，SNB)。该计划的主要目的是：1)利用诺道夫链霉菌鉴定与小麦品种致病相关的真菌基因；2)鉴定与黑穗病抗性相关的小麦基因。将结合连锁和关联作图策略来研究宿主-病原菌相互作用的遗传学。连锁图谱是一种稳健的遗传分析方法，已广泛应用于植物和真菌遗传研究。关联作图是一种广泛应用于人类和动物遗传学研究的新型基因作图方法。这些研究将为深入了解坏死性病原菌的毒力和致病性的遗传基础，并鉴定和表征寄主中的抗性基因。这些信息将促进这一学科的科学知识，并在抗病作物育种中应用。