Reduction of pesticides through the use of composts for sustainable production of strawberries

通过使用堆肥减少农药的使用，实现草莓的可持续生产

• 批准号: 355005-2007
• 负责人: Tweddell, Russell
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=431453
• 关键词: Reduction; pesticides; through; use; composts

Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) is an important disease affecting strawberry production in Canada for which the current methods of control are limited to the use of fumigants. Fumigation represents numerous inconveniences that are not conducive to sustainable agriculture. Indeed, fumigation is an expensive practice involving the use of toxic active ingredients that have negative environmental and social impacts. Moreover, the use of fumigants will not only eradicate the target pathogen but also benefic soilborne microorganisms. This creates a microbiological void in which different pathogens including V. dahliae can more readily occupy the ecological niche and cause more devastating infections of the strawberry plants. The application of composts could provide an efficient method to significantly reduce or completely replace the use of synthetic fumigants. The use of composts following fumigation would restore the microbiological void created by the application of fumigants and could therefore result in an environment less conducive to high infection by V. dahliae. As part of ongoing research aimed at developing environmentally-safe and sustainable strategies for the control of plant diseases, the present project will focus on the following objectives: (i) to determine the effect of compost types, doses and period of application on the development of strawberry verticillium wilt under greenhouse and commercial growing conditions, (ii) to investigate the potential role of compost/substrate physico-chemical and microbiological properties in the inhibition of strawberry verticillium wilt, and (iii) to recommend a control strategy for verticillium wilt of strawberries including the appropriate doses and periods of application of composts alone or in combination with reduced applications of fumigants. Expected benefits of the proposed project include a rapid transfer of the results of the study to the horticulture industry considering the familiarity of growers with the use of composts and the fact that the horticulture industry and governments have recognized the physiological and nutritional benefits of composts towards plants.

黄萎病（Verticillium dahliae）是影响加拿大草莓生产的重要病害，目前的控制方法仅限于使用熏蒸剂。熏蒸带来了许多不便，不利于可持续农业。事实上，熏蒸是一种昂贵的做法，涉及使用有毒的活性成分，对环境和社会产生负面影响。此外，使用熏蒸剂不仅可以消灭目标病原体，还可以消灭有益的土传微生物。这就产生了一个微生物空洞，其中包括大丽花弧菌在内的不同病原体可以更容易地占据生态位，并对草莓植物造成更具破坏性的感染。堆肥的应用为大幅度减少或完全替代合成熏蒸剂的使用提供了一种有效的方法。熏蒸后使用堆肥将恢复熏蒸剂造成的微生物空洞，因此可能导致不太有利于大丽花弧菌高感染的环境。作为正在进行的旨在制定环境安全和可持续的控制植物疾病战略的研究的一部分，本项目将侧重于以下目标：(i)确定堆肥类型、剂量和施用时间对温室和商业种植条件下草莓黄萎病发展的影响；（ii）研究堆肥/基质理化和微生物特性在抑制草莓黄萎病中的潜在作用。（iii）建议控制草莓黄萎病的策略，包括单独施用堆肥或与减少施用熏蒸剂相结合的适当剂量和时间。考虑到种植者对堆肥使用的熟悉程度，以及园艺业和政府已经认识到堆肥对植物的生理和营养益处，拟议项目的预期效益包括将研究结果迅速转移到园艺业。