Behaviour of healthy versus symptomatic diarthrodial joints

直关节是两根骨头相互连接的部位（如膝盖、臀部和肩膀）。腹泻关节的完整性是维持个人健康生活方式的重要因素。有不同的被动承载组件的腹泻关节。韧带限制了骨骼之间的相对运动，并充当了过度关节变形的传感器。关节软骨在两个关节面之间传递压缩载荷。关节的液体有助于维持一个非常低的摩擦系数，最终周围结构（分别在膝关节、肩部和髋关节的半月板、盂唇和髋臼唇）限制了关节并增强了整个关节的负荷承受能力。目前的提案分为两个小组。首先，研究了腹泻关节健康构件的力学性能和结构要求，并与症状关节构件进行了比较。力学性能随龄期的变化规律也将被研究。本文将对不同的关节构件的设计和修复标准进行研究。第二组是对不同健康和不健康关节的整体行为的研究。数值模拟将通过有限元分析软件进行。几何图形将使用数字图像分析软件导入，该软件能够将二维图像堆栈转换为三维物体。不同的组件在负载传递的作用在健康和症状关节将被调查。分析关节面之间接触压力的位置和大小。将研究结果对文献中可用的材料属性范围的依赖性，以了解结果的可重复性。控制载荷传递的力学以及此类关节的健康和稳定性将被评估。该项目的长期目标是能够达到这样的水平，即计算力学可以有效地用于帮助诊断和针对特定病例的修复建议。

Diarthrodial joints are the site of articulation of two bones against each other (e.g. knee, hip and shoulder). The integrity of diarthrodial joints is an important factor for maintaining healthy lifestyles for individuals. There are different passive load bearing components for diarthrodial joints. Ligaments limit the allowed relative motions between the bones and act as sensors for excessive joint deformations. Articular cartilage transfers the compressive load between the two articulating surfaces. The fluid of the joint helps maintain a very low coefficient of friction and finally peripheral structures (meniscus, glenoid labrum and acetabular labrum in the knee, shoulder and hip respectively) confine the joint and enhance load bearing across the joint. The current proposal is divided into two subgroups. The first is the study of the mechanical properties of and the structural requirements for the healthy components of diarthrodial joints and comparing them with those of symptomatic ones. The dependence of the mechanical properties on age will also be investigated. The design and repair criteria for different diarthrodial joints components will be examined. The second subgroup is the study of the global behaviour of different healthy versus unhealthy joints. Numerical modelling will be conducted via finite element analysis software. The geometry will be imported using digital image analysis software that are capable of transferring stacks of two dimensional images into three dimensional objects. The role of the different components in load transmission across healthy versus symptomatic joints will be investigated. The location and magnitude of the contact pressure between articulating surfaces will be analyzed. The dependence of the results on the ranges of material properties available in the literature will be studied to understand the repeatability of the results. The mechanics governing the load transmission and the health and stability of such joints will be evaluated. The long term objective of the project is to be able to reach to a level where computational mechanics can be effectively used to aid the diagnosis and repair recommendations for patient specific cases.