New electrode materials in nano-scale dimensions

纳米级尺寸的新型电极材料

• 批准号: 355848-2009
• 负责人: MacNeil, Dean
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=431789
• 关键词: New; electrode; materials; nano; scale

The demand for energy worldwide has been rising at an accelerated pace and renewable energy is among Canada's current strategic plans. Thus, the need for effective energy storage methods has never been greater. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) store more energy per volume than any other portable rechargeable battery. However, the energy density of future LIB will only improve significantly through radical changes to its active materials. Our research program aims to improve cathode and anode materials using nanomaterials prepared through innovated biologically assisted and colloidal metal synthetic routes. First, we propose to synthesize metal phosphate cathode material within an apoferritin cage, a protein used by the human body to store iron. The phosphate will be limited to the size of the protein cage (~8 nm), a nearly 10-fold reduction in size compared to traditional synthesis methods. This should provide a considerable increase in its conductivity. Also, the use of a room temperature synthesis instead of a high temperature solid state method will provide a more eco-friendly energy storage material. Second, we aim to reduce the inactive component of LIB metal-based anodes through novel solution-based "bottom-up" approaches to nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. We will focus on metal electrodes, optimizing various morphologies (dots, wire, core/shell) through numerous synthetic parameters (ligands, temperature, time). The advantage of colloidal metal NPs for LIB anodes is that their passivation protects sensitive elements towards oxidation and prevents the aggregation of the metal particles upon reaction with lithium. This will realize new metal anodes capable of alloying reversibly with large amounts of lithium leading to improve cell density. Our program will therefore combine elements of novel synthetic techniques for nanomaterials while developing a fundamental understanding of state-of-the-art nano-electrode materials that will lead to a breakthrough for today's energy storage technology.

全球对能源的需求一直在加速增长，可再生能源是加拿大目前的战略计划之一。因此，对有效的能量存储方法的需求从未如此之大。锂离子电池（LIB）比任何其他便携式可充电电池存储更多的能量。然而，未来锂离子电池的能量密度只有通过对其活性材料的彻底改变才能显着提高。我们的研究计划旨在使用通过创新的生物辅助和胶体金属合成路线制备的纳米材料来改善阴极和阳极材料。首先，我们建议在脱铁铁蛋白笼内合成金属磷酸盐阴极材料，脱铁铁蛋白是人体用来储存铁的蛋白质。磷酸盐将被限制在蛋白质笼的大小（约8 nm），与传统的合成方法相比，尺寸减少了近10倍。这将提供其导电性的相当大的增加。此外，使用室温合成而不是高温固态方法将提供更环保的储能材料。其次，我们的目标是通过新的基于溶液的“自下而上”的纳米颗粒（NP）合成方法来减少LIB金属基阳极的非活性组分。我们将专注于金属电极，通过众多合成参数（配体，温度，时间）优化各种形态（点，线，核/壳）。用于LIB阳极的胶体金属NP的优点在于，它们的钝化保护敏感元件免于氧化，并防止金属颗粒在与锂反应时聚集。这将实现能够与大量锂可逆合金化的新金属阳极，从而提高电池密度。因此，我们的计划将结合纳米材料的新型合成技术的联合收割机元素，同时发展对最先进的纳米电极材料的基本理解，这将导致今天的储能技术的突破。