Reducing low back injury: expanding fundamental knowledge of spine function

减少腰部损伤：扩展脊柱功能的基础知识

• 批准号: 36516-2007
• 负责人: McGill, Stuart
• 金额: $ 4.52万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=450634
• 关键词: Reducing; low; back; injury; expanding

Low back injury is a major cost to Canadians. The spine is a very complex neural, muscular and skeletal system that thrives on optimal mechanical loading. However, it becomes painful and disabled when the mechanical loading is either too much or too little. This work is directed towards understanding biomechanical function of the low back, and using this fundamental knowledge as a foundation, developing better prevention and rehabilitation approaches. Our contributions in fundamental research has several thrusts. For example, our work deciphering injury mechanisms has shown that disc bulging and herniation have a distinct mechanical cause (repeated and prolonged flexion) that can be prevented and treated mechanically. The next phase is to understand the influence of twisting and torsion on this mechanism. In addition, the muscles of the spine create force and torque that allow movement and the support of loads. But first and foremost they must ensure that the flexible spinal column is stable otherwise it is at risk of buckling - another potent injury mechanism. Our work has improved methods to quantify stability and then has recognized perturbed muscle activation patterns in patients that may allow unstable conditions to occur, or are the result of pain. In this way instability is both a cause and consequence of injury. We have been pioneering approaches to correct these perturbed patterns as a component of therapy. Efficacy trials conducted by others show the approach is successful. We will continue to quantify stability during a wide range of activities to better understand the best activation strategies for muscles and passive tissues to achieve sufficient stability. This will require very robust modeling efforts that account for individual variability, together with features such as reflex activity. Our unique laboratory approach developed with years of NSERC support, combines both in vivo and in vitro approaches that has been used to improve evidence-based clinical decision making around the world.

下背部受伤是加拿大人的主要成本。脊柱是一个非常复杂的神经，肌肉和骨骼系统，在最佳的机械负荷下蓬勃发展。然而，当机械负荷太大或太小时，它会变得痛苦和残疾。这项工作旨在了解下背部的生物力学功能，并利用这些基本知识作为基础，开发更好的预防和康复方法。我们在基础研究方面的贡献有几个方面。例如，我们对损伤机制的研究表明，椎间盘膨出和突出有一个明显的机械原因（重复和延长的屈曲），可以通过机械方法预防和治疗。下一阶段是了解扭转和扭转对这种机制的影响。此外，脊柱的肌肉产生力和扭矩，允许运动和负载的支撑。但首先，他们必须确保灵活的脊柱是稳定的，否则它有屈曲的风险-另一个潜在的损伤机制。我们的工作改进了量化稳定性的方法，然后认识到患者的肌肉激活模式受到干扰，可能会导致不稳定的情况发生，或者是疼痛的结果。这样，不稳定既是伤害的原因，也是伤害的结果。作为治疗的一部分，我们一直在开拓纠正这些干扰模式的方法。其他人进行的功效试验表明这种方法是成功的。我们将继续在广泛的活动中量化稳定性，以更好地了解肌肉和被动组织实现足够稳定性的最佳激活策略。这将需要非常强大的建模工作，考虑到个体差异，以及反射活动等特征。我们独特的实验室方法在NSERC多年的支持下开发，结合了体内和体外方法，已用于改善全球循证临床决策。