Dynamic security enhancement strategies for power systems

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We don't realize it, but the electrical outlet at our homes is actually a gateway to one of the largest and most complex objects ever built ! The electricity transmission system is one of the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century. It is an extensive system of interconnected networks in which high voltage power lines transport electricity from generators to customers. Our standard of living depends on reliable, low-cost and high-quality availability of energy. However, unforeseen events occur that can disturb the reliable supply of electrical energy. Remember the blackout of August 2003 ! This caused significant hardship to the people and a great loss to the economy. It started with a high voltage transmission line sagging on to a tree. Disconnection of one transmission line caused other lines to carry more power and this resulted in a 'domino' effect resulting in cascading outages and blackout. This potential danger is always present and Engineers are looking for ways to make the electrical grid more 'robust' to these possible disturbances. The approach to tackle this problem is referred to in general as 'Security Enhancement'.