Cellular mechanisms for the export of specialized plant cell wall components

所有植物的生长，包括农业和林业生产，都需要细胞壁的合成。植物细胞是合成细胞壁的工厂，植物的生长和发育依赖于以适当的位置和速度输送细胞壁成分。尽管细胞壁生物合成至关重要，但我们对细胞壁生物合成的理解存在重大差距：如何将细胞内制造的细胞壁成分出口到细胞外，以建立起功能墙？虽然植物中的每个细胞都被多糖细胞壁包围，但也有一些细胞壁具有特殊功能。例如，植物的初级表面覆盖着一层叫做角质层的脂类细胞壁层，它可以保护植物免受水分损失、昆虫和病原体的侵袭。另一种重要的特殊细胞壁是维管组织(如木材)中的木质化细胞壁，木质素使细胞壁坚固且防水。

All plant growth, including agricultural and forestry production, requires cell wall synthesis. Plant cells are wall-synthesizing factories, and plant growth and development depends on delivery of cell wall components at the appropriate location and rate. Despite its critical importance, there is a major gap in our understanding of cell wall biosynthesis: how are cell wall components that are made inside the cell exported to the outside of the cell to build a functional wall? While every cell in a plant is surrounded by a polysaccharide cell wall, there are also regions of the cell wall with specialized function. For example, the primary plant surface is coated with a lipidic cell wall layer called the cuticle that protects the plant from water loss, insects and pathogens. Another important type of specialized cell walls are lignified walls in vascular tissue, such as wood, where lignin makes the wall strong and waterproof.