Setting odour impact index and developing a setback distance model for livestock farms

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Odour and toxic gas (H2S and NH3) emissions from the intensive livestock operations have become a public concern due to their environmental impact and potential health impact on neighbouring residents. Determining science-based setback distance has become an urgent need. Using odour dispersion model to predict odour plume downwind and then determine reasonable setbacks based on acceptable odour criteria is a scientific approach. Source odour emission rates, which are changing constantly with animal and climatic conations, are the basic data needed for odour dispersion modeling. The diurnal and seasonal odour emission profiles need to be revealed and considered in odour dispersion modeling. Identifying major odour sources will help development and applying odour control technologies targeting major sources. Acceptable odour criteria (such as odour impact index) considering odour intensity, offensiveness, persistence, frequency, etc., need to be established. H2S and NH3 are toxic gases and the major odorants of livestock odour and need to be quantified.