Development and/or evaluation of emission factors for Odour, air pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions and air quality impact assessment for industrial and municipal sources in cold region

工业和城市排放的空气是公众关注的主要问题，引起气味和空气质量投诉，影响邻近居民的生活质量，阻碍这些来源的进一步发展；然而，研究气味和空气污染物排放影响的研究非常有限。炼油厂对加拿大很重要，但一直是空气质量投诉的目标；位于市区的城市污水处理厂（WTPs）引起气味投诉。对这些来源的气味研究是最近才开始的；气味被认为是一种滋扰，它对人类健康的影响被忽视了，而且在很大程度上没有受到监管。这些源也是重要的温室气体（GHG）排放源。准确估计温室气体排放量很重要，因为a)加拿大已经实施了碳税，b)加拿大设定到2030年减少30%的温室气体，到2050年减少80%。由于所有的空气排放测量方法都是相似的，因此将这三种方法都纳入本研究将是有效的。尽管USEPA AP 42和IPCC根据非常有限的数据制定了空气污染物和温室气体的排放因子，但他们表示，根据新的研究，他们对变化持开放态度。因此，需要研究提高这些排放因子的准确性，特别是在加拿大的寒冷地区。本研究计划的长期目标是量化加拿大大草原主要城市和工业来源的空气排放，评估其对周围地区气味和空气质量的影响，并制定气味标准，并确定各种土地利用的科学挫折，以确保可接受的空气质量。未来5年（短期），研究重点将放在炼油厂和wtp上。将测量现场所有污染源的空气排放。基本气味特性将被研究。将测量源附近的气味和空气污染物羽流。然后，利用实地数据和空气质素监测站的数据验证空气扩散模型；该模型将用于预测气味和空气污染物对附近地区的长期影响。就不同土地用途的气味影响准则提出建议。然后，将开发一个挫折模型，使用经过验证的分散模型和影响标准来确保气味和空气质量。项目完成后，气味、空气污染物和温室气体排放因子、扩散模型和挫折距离模型将可供炼油厂和污水处理厂行业和政府使用。它将提供一个系统的气味和空气排放影响评估系统，以管理空气排放影响和准确预测空气污染物和温室气体排放。使用经过验证的扩散模型和影响标准，政府和行业可以核实空气质量和气味投诉以及新设施或现有设施扩建的选址。

Air emissions from industrial and municipal sources are the main public concerns and causes odour and air quality complaints, affecting neighboring residents' quality of life and hindering further development of these sources; yet very limited research has been conducted to study odour and air pollutant emissions impact. Oil refineries are important to Canada yet have always been a target of air quality complaints; municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) located in urban areas cause odour complaints. Odour study for these sources is rather recent; odour is perceived as nuisance and its impact on human health is overlooked and it is mostly not regulated. These sources are also important greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources. Accurate estimation of GHG emission is important because a) carbon tax has been implemented in Canada, and b) Canada has set 30% GHG reduction by 2030, and 80% by 2050 compared to 2005. As all air emission measurement methods are similar, it will be efficient to include all three in this study. Although USEPA AP 42 and IPCC have emission factors for air pollutants and GHGs based on very limited data, they state that they are open to change based on new studies. Hence, research is needed to improve the accuracy of these emission factors, especially in cold region of Canada. The long term goal of this research program is to quantify air emissions from major municipal and industrial sources in Canadian Prairies, assess their impact on surrounding areas regarding odour and air quality, and set odour criteria and determine science-based setbacks for various landuses to ensure acceptable air quality. For the next 5 years (short term), the research focus will be on oil refineries and WTPs. Air emissions will be measured from all sources on sites. Basic odour properties will be studies. Odour and air pollutants plumes in the vicinity of the sources will be measured. Air dispersion model(s) then will be validated using field data and air quality monitoring station data; the model(s) will be used to predict long term odour and air pollutant impact on nearby areas. Odour impact criteria for various landuses will be recommended. Then a setback model to ensure both odour and air quality using validated dispersion model and impact criteria will be developed. Upon completion of the project, odour, air pollutants, and GHG emission factors, dispersion models, and setback distance models will be available for use by oil refinery and WTPs industries and governments. It will provide a systematic odour and air emission impact assessment system for managing air emission impact and accurately projecting air pollutants and GHG emissions. Using the validated dispersion models and the impact criteria, governments and industries can verify air quality and odour complaints and siting for new facility or expansion of existing ones.