Portable Observatories for Lithospheric Analysis and Research Investigating (POLARIS)

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POLARIS (Portable Observatories for Lithospheric Analysis and Research Investigating Seismicity) is a major national research infrastructure that consists of satellite-linked arrays of portable geophysical observatories. These state-of-the-art observatories enable Canadian scientists to probe Earth's interior with unprecedented resolution, enabling innovative studies of Earth structure and dynamics, and improving our knowledge of earthquake and geomagnetic hazards. POLARIS deployments include 100 satellite-linked broadband seismograph systems, 10 with continuous-recording magnetotelluric (MT) devices, plus an inventory of more than 70 portable MT and seismic observatories for campaign-style investigations. These systems record ground motions and electromagnetic signals that reveal the geophysical characteristics of the subsurface. Data from POLARIS observatories are transmitted via satellite to acquisition centres in London (Canada) and Ottawa, where they are made available in near real-time to researchers across Canada. The improved imaging capability of POLARIS, combined with innovative interpretive techniques, lays the groundwork for breakthroughs and significant economic benefits for Canada in several geoscience disciplines. Our fledgling diamond industry, already adding millions of dollars to the national economy per year, exploits POLARIS-led advances, since diamonds are formed in the deep roots of continents; a clearer understanding of their journey to the surface could have economic implications in the multi-billion dollar range. Potential losses in the event of a large earthquake near a major urban centre in Canada could have a similar economic impact, not to mention the potential loss of life. Dangers are significantly reduced through knowledge of earthquake risk, a prerequisite for mitigation. Because ground motions are monitored in near-real time, information on earthquake motions and damage potential is available within minutes of an earthquake occurrence.