Low pressure chromatography system

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Proteins are life's molecular machines: they have incredibly diverse functions ranging from structural components, to catalysts, to signalling molecules, and many more. Proteins consist of linear chains of building blocks, called amino acids. The linear chains fold up to form specific structures that determine proteins' unique functions. Nature uses a relatively small number of different types of protein structures, which are compatible with many different sequences and functions. Often single amino acid changes in proteins often associated with disease, for example, mutations of the protein superoxide dismutase (SOD) cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Experimental and computational research has provided much information and predictive tools for estimating how amino acid sequence determines protein structure and function, or misfunction in the case of disease. Despite this progress, however, we are still far from being able to accurately and consistently predict how a protein will behave based on its amino acid sequence.