Rheology of multiphase polymer systems

聚合物共混和填充热塑性塑料的应用越来越广泛，以获得多样化和最佳性能的工业材料。大多数工业聚合物共混物由不相混的组分组成，其界面、形貌、结构域和聚合物链的取向以及结晶度对最终产品的性能有很大影响。在非混相共混物中，由于液滴或畴的聚结和破裂，不同相的形貌可以在很大程度上被加工改变。虽然大多数熔融的商用聚合物具有很高的弹性，但聚合物组分的弹性在这些现象中的作用仍然完全不清楚。此外，还没有成功的流变模型来预测粘弹性系统的形态变化。在玻璃纤维等聚合物中使用填料是生产高性能部件的常用操作，以提高其机械强度，热稳定性和耐火性。然而，了解填料颗粒的分散和取向，以及加工过程中结构的形态变化，结合聚合物基质的复杂流变学，仍然是一个主要的挑战。

Polymer blends and filled thermoplastics are more and more used in an effort to obtain diversified and optimum properties for industrial materials. Most industrial polymer blends consist of immiscible components and the interface, morphology, orientation of domains and polymer chains as well as crystallinity affect considerably the performances of the final products. The morphology of the different phases in immiscible blends could be largely altered by the processing, due to coalescence and breakup of droplets or domains. Although most molten commercial polymers are highly elastic, the role of the elasticity of the polymer components on these phenomena is still totally obscure. Also, there is no successful rheological model to predict morphological changes in viscoelastic systems. The use of fillers in polymers such as glass fibers is a common operation for the production of high performance parts, to improve their mechanical strength, thermal stability and fire resistance. However, the understanding of the dispersion and orientation of filler particles, as well as of morphological changes of the structure during processing, combined with the complex rheology of polymer matrices, remains a major challenge.