Theoretical studies of scalar particles in the standard model: Scalar mesons and Higgs Bosons

标准模型中标量粒子的理论研究：标量介子和希格斯玻色子

• 批准号: 137501-2010
• 负责人: Steele, Thomas
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=475726
• 关键词: Theoretical; studies; scalar; particles; standard

The physics of elementary particles gives insight into the most fundamental constituents of matter and their behaviour. Many of the frontiers of elementary particle physics involve scalar particles. Scalars have no intrinsic spin, which means that there is no preferred direction for these particles when they are at rest. The most prominent example of a scalar particle is the Higgs boson, a particle which is essential to our understanding of the origin of mass for all elementary particles via the Higgs mechanism associated with symmetry breaking in the electroweak interaction. Surprisingly, there is still no direct experimental evidence of the Higgs particle that is so central to our theoretical understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature. The experimental program of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN should be able to confirm or refute the existence of the Higgs. In addition to the fundamental challenges of scalar particles in the electroweak sector, scalar particles composed of quarks also provide scientific challenges in the strong interaction sector. In particular, scalar mesons provide some of the most intriguing challenges in hadronic physics, with interpretations that include exotic states beyond the quark-antiquark states of the naive quark model. Some of these exotic interpretations of the scalar mesons include mesons containing no quarks (only gluons) or additional quark-antiquark pairs.

基本粒子的物理学使我们能够深入了解物质的最基本成分及其行为。基本粒子物理学的许多前沿都涉及标量粒子。标量没有固有的自旋，这意味着当这些粒子处于静止状态时，它们没有首选的方向。标量粒子最突出的例子是希格斯玻色子，这种粒子对于我们理解所有基本粒子的质量起源至关重要，通过希格斯机制与电弱相互作用中的对称性破缺有关。令人惊讶的是，仍然没有直接的实验证据证明希格斯粒子是我们对自然基本相互作用的理论理解的核心。欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）的实验项目应该能够证实或反驳希格斯粒子的存在。除了电弱领域标量粒子的基本挑战外，由夸克组成的标量粒子也为强相互作用领域提供了科学挑战。特别是，标量介子在强子物理学中提供了一些最有趣的挑战，其解释包括朴素夸克模型中夸克-反夸克状态之外的奇异状态。对标量介子的一些奇异解释包括不含夸克（只有胶子）或额外的夸克-反夸克对的介子。