Theoretical studies of scalar particles in the standard model: Scalar mesons and Higgs Bosons

基本粒子的物理学使我们深入了解物质的最基本成分及其行为。 基本粒子物理学的许多前沿领域都涉及标量粒子。 标量没有内禀自旋，这意味着这些粒子在静止时没有优先方向。 标量粒子最突出的例子是希格斯玻色子，这种粒子对于我们通过与电弱相互作用中对称性破缺相关的希格斯机制理解所有基本粒子的质量起源至关重要。 令人惊讶的是，希格斯粒子仍然没有直接的实验证据，而希格斯粒子对我们对自然界基本相互作用的理论理解至关重要。 欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）的实验计划应该能够证实或反驳希格斯粒子的存在。 除了在电弱领域中标量粒子的基本挑战之外，由夸克组成的标量粒子也在强相互作用领域中提供了科学挑战。 特别是，标量介子在强子物理学中提供了一些最有趣的挑战，其解释包括超越朴素夸克模型的夸克-反夸克态的奇异态。 这些对标量介子的奇异解释包括不含夸克（仅含胶子）的介子或含有额外的夸克-反夸克对的介子。

The physics of elementary particles gives insight into the most fundamental constituents of matter and their behaviour. Many of the frontiers of elementary particle physics involve scalar particles. Scalars have no intrinsic spin, which means that there is no preferred direction for these particles when they are at rest. The most prominent example of a scalar particle is the Higgs boson, a particle which is essential to our understanding of the origin of mass for all elementary particles via the Higgs mechanism associated with symmetry breaking in the electroweak interaction. Surprisingly, there is still no direct experimental evidence of the Higgs particle that is so central to our theoretical understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature. The experimental program of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN should be able to confirm or refute the existence of the Higgs. In addition to the fundamental challenges of scalar particles in the electroweak sector, scalar particles composed of quarks also provide scientific challenges in the strong interaction sector. In particular, scalar mesons provide some of the most intriguing challenges in hadronic physics, with interpretations that include exotic states beyond the quark-antiquark states of the naive quark model. Some of these exotic interpretations of the scalar mesons include mesons containing no quarks (only gluons) or additional quark-antiquark pairs.