Characterization of the terrestrial ecotoxicological impact category in LCIA for mixtures of pollutants

LCIA 中污染物混合物的陆地生态毒理学影响类别的表征

• 批准号: 217073-2009
• 负责人: Deschênes, Louise
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=477886
• 关键词: Characterization; terrestrial; ecotoxicological; impact; category

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an approach for assessing the environmental impacts associated with each life cycle stage (i.e. from raw material extraction to final disposal) of a product, process or service. An LCA consists of four phases: 1) Goal & scope definition; 2) Life cycle inventory (LCI); 3) Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA); and 4) Interpretation (ISO 14040, 2006). The LCIA phase is crucial and consists of assessing the environmental potential impacts. Among impact categories, toxicological and ecotoxicological impact categories, unlike the others, reflect local rather than global impacts. These impacts are thus more complicated to model due to their specific character and require spatial differentiation to be taking into account. In the context of using LCA as a decision-making tool for contaminated site management, this problem becomes evident when comparing primary impacts (caused by the soil contamination) to secondary impacts (caused by the remediation activities themselves). Many studies in this field neglect the characterization of primary impacts due to the generic aspect of models used in LCIA. In order to better assess primary impacts of contaminated sites, research is needed to 1) adapt LCIA global multimedia fate models to a local scale, 2) develop terrestrial effect data to avoid using aquatic data as is currently the case and 3) develop characterization factors (CFs) for mixtures of contaminants that are generally found in contaminated soils. To characterize in an appropriate way the terrestrial ecotoxicological impact category, LUCAS, an LCIA method developed for the Canadian environmental context will be improved. This research program aims to make LCIA more relevant and scientifically defendable when assessing impacts related to contaminated site management. Currently, the number of Canadian specialists in the LCA field is quite low, particularly with respect to the characterization of local impacts such as ecotoxicological terrestrial impact.

生命周期评估（LCA）是一种评估产品、工艺或服务的每个生命周期阶段（即从原材料提取到最终处置）对环境影响的方法。 LCA包括四个阶段：1）目标和范围定义; 2）生命周期清单（LCI）; 3）生命周期影响评估（LCIA）; 4）解释（ISO 14040，2006）。 LCIA阶段至关重要，包括评估环境潜在影响。在影响类别中，毒理学和生态毒理学影响类别与其他类别不同，反映的是地方影响而不是全球影响。因此，由于这些影响的特殊性，其建模更加复杂，需要考虑到空间差异。 在使用生命周期评估作为污染场地管理的决策工具的背景下，当比较主要影响（由土壤污染引起）和次要影响（由补救活动本身引起）时，这个问题变得很明显。这一领域的许多研究由于LCIA所用模型的一般性而忽视了对主要影响的定性。 为了更好地评估受污染场地的主要影响，需要开展研究，以1）使LCIA全球多介质归宿模型适应当地规模，2）开发陆地效应数据，以避免像目前这样使用水生数据，3）开发通常在受污染土壤中发现的污染物混合物的表征因子（CF）。为了以适当的方式描述陆地生态毒理学影响类别，LUCAS，将改进为加拿大环境背景开发的LCIA方法。 该研究计划旨在使LCIA在评估与污染场地管理相关的影响时更具相关性和科学性。 目前，加拿大在生命周期评估领域的专家人数很少，特别是在描述当地影响，如生态毒理学陆地影响方面。