Characterization of the terrestrial ecotoxicological impact category in LCIA for mixtures of pollutants

LCIA 中污染物混合物的陆地生态毒理学影响类别的表征

• 批准号: 217073-2009
• 负责人: Deschênes, Louise
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=523679
• 关键词: Characterization; terrestrial; ecotoxicological; impact; category

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an approach for assessing the environmental impacts associated with each life cycle stage (i.e. from raw material extraction to final disposal) of a product, process or service. An LCA consists of four phases: 1) Goal & scope definition; 2) Life cycle inventory (LCI); 3) Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA); and 4) Interpretation (ISO 14040, 2006). The LCIA phase is crucial and consists of assessing the environmental potential impacts. Among impact categories, toxicological and ecotoxicological impact categories, unlike the others, reflect local rather than global impacts. These impacts are thus more complicated to model due to their specific character and require spatial differentiation to be taking into account. In the context of using LCA as a decision-making tool for contaminated site management, this problem becomes evident when comparing primary impacts (caused by the soil contamination) to secondary impacts (caused by the remediation activities themselves). Many studies in this field neglect the characterization of primary impacts due to the generic aspect of models used in LCIA. In order to better assess primary impacts of contaminated sites, research is needed to 1) adapt LCIA global multimedia fate models to a local scale, 2) develop terrestrial effect data to avoid using aquatic data as is currently the case and 3) develop characterization factors (CFs) for mixtures of contaminants that are generally found in contaminated soils. To characterize in an appropriate way the terrestrial ecotoxicological impact category, LUCAS, an LCIA method developed for the Canadian environmental context will be improved. This research program aims to make LCIA more relevant and scientifically defendable when assessing impacts related to contaminated site management. Currently, the number of Canadian specialists in the LCA field is quite low, particularly with respect to the characterization of local impacts such as ecotoxicological terrestrial impact.

生命周期评估(LCA)是一种评估与产品、过程或服务的每个生命周期阶段(即从原材料提取到最终处置)相关的环境影响的方法。生命周期评价包括四个阶段：1)目标和范围界定；2)生命周期清单；3)生命周期影响评估；4)解释(国际标准化组织14040,2006年)。气候影响评估阶段至关重要，包括评估对环境的潜在影响。在影响类别中，毒理学和生态毒物影响类别与其他类别不同，它们反映的是局部影响，而不是全球影响。因此，由于这些影响的特殊性，建模更加复杂，需要考虑空间差异。在使用生命周期评价作为污染场地管理的决策工具的背景下，当比较主要影响(由土壤污染造成)和次要影响(由修复活动本身造成)时，这个问题变得明显。这一领域的许多研究忽视了对主要影响的描述，这是因为在LCIA中使用的模型具有通用性。为了更好地评估污染场地的主要影响，需要进行研究：1)使LCIA全球多媒体命运模型适应当地规模，2)开发陆地效应数据，以避免像目前情况那样使用水生数据，3)开发污染土壤中普遍存在的污染物混合物的特征因子(CFs)。为了以适当的方式表征陆地生态毒物影响类别LUCAS，将改进为加拿大环境背景开发的LCIA方法。这项研究计划旨在使LCIA在评估与污染场地管理相关的影响时更具相关性和科学性。目前，加拿大在生命周期评估领域的专家数量相当少，特别是在描述当地影响，如生态毒理陆地影响方面。