Invasion biology: comparing scales of local genetic adaptation to exotic predators by prey with high and low dispersal potential

入侵生物学：通过具有高和低扩散潜力的猎物来比较当地遗传适应外来捕食者的规模

• 批准号: 217115-2010
• 负责人: Boulding, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=477903
• 关键词: Invasion; biology; comparing; scales; local

Environmental change caused by human activities is allowing exotic predators and competitors to extend their geographical ranges into Canada. For example, increased sea surface temperatures during the 1997/98 El Niño allowed larvae of the subtropical lined shore crab to metamorphose on western Canadian shores and prey on four closely-related species of indigenous snails. These temperate snail species have shells that are vulnerable to the specialized shell-breaking appendages of predators from more tropical regions. Consequently, climate-driven range expansion of subtropical predator species may result in range contraction by temperate prey species unless they can quickly evolve thicker armour. This is an excellent system for studying the effect of prey migration on adaptation to subtropical predators. These four intertidal gastropods are ecologically similar but differ considerably in their dispersal potential: two species have a long-lived free-swimming larval stage and two species have lost the free-swimming larval stage and as a result disperse only by crawling.

人类活动造成的环境变化使外来捕食者和竞争对手得以将它们的地理范围扩展到加拿大。例如，1997/98年厄尔尼诺期间海面温度升高，使得亚热带衬里岸蟹的幼体在加拿大西部海岸变质，并捕食四种关系密切的土著蜗牛。这些温带蜗牛物种的外壳很容易受到来自更热带地区的捕食者专门的破壳附属物的攻击。因此，气候驱动的亚热带捕食者物种范围的扩大可能会导致温带捕食者物种的范围缩小，除非它们能够迅速进化出更厚的盔甲。这是研究猎物迁徙对适应亚热带捕食者的影响的一个很好的系统。这四种潮间带腹足动物在生态上相似，但在扩散潜力上有很大差异：两种动物的幼虫寿命较长，自由游动的幼虫阶段较长，两种物种失去了自由游动的幼虫阶段，因此只能通过爬行来分散。