Invasion biology: comparing scales of local genetic adaptation to exotic predators by prey with high and low dispersal potential

入侵生物学：通过具有高和低扩散潜力的猎物来比较当地遗传适应外来捕食者的规模

• 批准号: 217115-2010
• 负责人: Boulding, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546524
• 关键词: Invasion; biology; comparing; scales; local

Environmental change caused by human activities is allowing exotic predators and competitors to extend their geographical ranges into Canada. For example, increased sea surface temperatures during the 1997/98 El Niño allowed larvae of the subtropical lined shore crab to metamorphose on western Canadian shores and prey on four closely-related species of indigenous snails. These temperate snail species have shells that are vulnerable to the specialized shell-breaking appendages of predators from more tropical regions. Consequently, climate-driven range expansion of subtropical predator species may result in range contraction by temperate prey species unless they can quickly evolve thicker armour. This is an excellent system for studying the effect of prey migration on adaptation to subtropical predators. These four intertidal gastropods are ecologically similar but differ considerably in their dispersal potential: two species have a long-lived free-swimming larval stage and two species have lost the free-swimming larval stage and as a result disperse only by crawling.

人类活动引起的环境变化使外来的掠食者和竞争对手可以将其地理范围扩展到加拿大。例如，在1997/98厄尔尼诺（ElNiño）期间，海面温度升高允许亚热带衬里的海岸蟹的幼虫在加拿大西部的西海岸变形，并在四种密切相关的土著蜗牛物种上捕食。这些温度蜗牛物种具有贝壳，这些壳易受来自更多热带地区的捕食者的专业壳附属物。因此，除非可以迅速发展较厚的装甲，否则亚热带捕食者物种的气候范围扩展可能会导致温度猎物的范围收缩。这四个潮间带的腹足类型在生态上相似，但其扩散潜力的体贴有所不同：两个物种具有长期的自由速度幼虫阶段，两个物种失去了自由降低的幼虫阶段，因此仅通过爬行而异。