Assessing heritable variation in biological control of the salmon louse by two species of cleaner fish and co-operative behaviour by their client, Atlantic salmon

评估两种清洁鱼对鲑鱼虱子的生物控制的遗传变异及其客户大西洋鲑鱼的合作行为

• 批准号: 506655-2017
• 负责人: Boulding, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 10.2万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693547
• 关键词: Assessing; heritable; variation; biological; control

Aquaculture now produces all the Atlantic salmon consumed by Canadians as well as a significant amount for export. The salmon louse is a marine parasitic species of copepod that has a direct impact on farm income through inventory losses caused by skin and gill damage which can also increase disease risks. Levels of sea lice infestation were historically controlled using husbandry practices including area management and lower stocking densities. A limited number of chemical therapeutants have been authorized for use but sole reliance on these parasiticides can lead to sea lice resistance. The industry has now adopted an Integrated Pest Management approach to sea lice management, which uses several alternate treatment options. In Europe, cleaner fishes such as the lumpfish and European wrasses are introduced into sea cages to eat the lice off the Atlantic salmon. In eastern Canada, the lumpfish and a North American wrasse, the cunner, have been shownto significantly reduce adult lice densities on salmon living in marine sea cages. Further some families of lumpfish are more effective lice cleaners than others suggesting lice cleaning propensity is heritable. It is unknown whether co-operative behaviour by salmon (e.g., remaining stationary) to facilitate lice cleaning ever occurs in sea cages, and if so whether the behaviour is heritable. Genotyping Atlantic salmon with high density SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) chips has revealed SNPs associated with lower lice counts in the absence of cleaner fish. Our proposal has the following objectives: 1) determine the best size-class of cunners to use to clean Atlantic salmon in commercial sea cages; 2) determine the stock structure and examine variation in lice-cleaning performance among cunners and among lumpfish from different stocks; 3) assess heritable variation in lice eating behaviour among families of cunners and of lumpfish; 4) Conduct lice challenges with and without the lice cleaner fish present to see if there is a change in the ranking of salmon families with respect to lice counts with and without the biological control agent present. Our work will reduce the economic costs of sea lice control by the Canadian Atlantic salmon industry and increase its sustainability.

现在，水产养殖生产加拿大人消耗的所有大西洋鲑鱼以及大量出口。鲑鱼虱是一种海洋寄生虫，它通过皮肤和g损伤引起的库存损失对农场收入产生直接影响，这也会增加疾病的风险。历史上，海虱侵扰的水平是使用饲养习惯控制的，包括区域管理和较低的库存密度。有限数量的化学治疗剂已被授权使用，但对这些寄生虫的唯一依赖可以导致海虱耐药性。该行业现在采用了综合的害虫管理方法来进行海虱管理，该方法使用了多种替代治疗方案。在欧洲，将清洁的鱼类（例如块状鱼类和欧洲的木制）引入海笼中，以将虱子从大西洋鲑鱼身上吃掉。在加拿大东部，已显示块状鱼类和北美弗里斯（Cunner），可显着降低成人虱子密度，这些虱子密度在海笼中生活的鲑鱼。此外，一些块状鱼类的家庭比其他表明虱子清洁倾向的虱子清洁剂更有效。尚不清楚鲑鱼的合作行为（例如，剩余的静止）是否会促进清洁虱子，并且如果是这样，是否可以遗传这种行为。具有高密度SNP（单核苷酸多态性）芯片的基因分型鲑鱼在没有清洁鱼的情况下发现与较低虱子计数相关的SNP。我们的提议具有以下目标：1）确定最佳的尺寸类别，用于清洁商业海笼中的大西洋鲑鱼； 2）确定库存结构并检查来自不同股票的Cunners和块状鱼之间的虱子清洁性能变化； 3）评估Cunners和Cunners家族和块状鱼类的虱子饮食行为的遗传变化； 4）在有和没有存在的虱子清洁鱼的情况下进行虱子挑战，以查看鲑鱼家族在有和没有生物控制剂的虱子数量方面的排名是否有所改变。我们的工作将减少加拿大大西洋鲑鱼行业控制海虱控制的经济成本，并提高其可持续性。