Integrated modelling of geomorphological and ecological landscape evolution

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Landscapes are complex dynamic systems, both geomorphologically and ecologically. Moreover, geomorphological processes are influenced by the landscape's vegetation cover and vice versa. Given these mutual relations it can be expected, and indeed it has been shown, that geomorphological and ecological processes interact and co-determine the evolution of the landscape. However, these interactions are frequently neglected in current landscape simulation studies. Geomorphological landscape evolution models commonly regard vegetation as a secondary factor and either treat it as static or ignore it altogether. Conversely, ecological landscape evolution models usually regard the landscape's morphology as a static stage for vegetation competition and succession.