Monitoring frazil ice processes and hydrodynamics in aquatic habitats

冬季对鱼类来说是一个特别紧张的时期，因为冷水温度会减缓新陈代谢，冰会影响栖息地，限制安全避难所和食物供应。 特别关注的是小溪流上的锚冰-这是由小颗粒的冰，称为“frazil”，形成在湍流过冷水。 直到一个坚实的冰盖形成-水过冷是持久的自然溪流和大量的frazil可以形成。 过冷也使冰碴颗粒具有很强的粘性，因此它们很容易与河床上的岩石和砾石结合。 如果砾石颗粒足够重，可以抵消冰（比水轻）的浮力，那么冰就会“锚定”在海床上--这就是“锚冰”这个术语。

Winter is a particularly stressful time for fish, since cold water temperatures will slow metabolism and ice can infest habitat, limiting safe refuge and food supply. Of particular concern on small streams is anchor ice - which is comprised of small particles of ice, known as 'frazil', that form in turbulent supercooled water. Until a solid ice cover forms - water supercooling is persistent in natural streams and copious amounts of frazil can form. Supercooling also causes the frazil particles to be highly adhesive and so they can readily bond to rocks and gravel on the stream bed. If the gravel particles are heavy enough to counteract the buoyant effects of the ice (which is lighter than the water), then the ice will be 'anchored' on the bed - thus the term 'anchor ice'.