Fundamental study of sulfide mineral flotation in high saline water

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Water is a process medium in many industrial applications, including mineral processing, oil sands extraction, and coal washing. Fresh water is also a limited resource essential to life. Industrial use of potable water is being viewed with increasing scrutiny around the world. Recycling/reuse of process water is an essential step to reduce or eliminate the intake of fresh water and minimize the disposal of spent water for environment protection. The problems with fresh water usage in the resources industries in arid regions are more acute. In many regions over the world, seawater is the only possible water source that can be accessed by the resources industry. The use of recycled process water, or seawater, however, entails the problem of elevated ionic concentrations. The ionic species and concentration of recycled high saline water used for mineral processing have a profound impact on ore processability. Understanding the impact of ionic species in recycled/saline