Uptake and release of heavy metals by minerals and rock coatings

矿物和岩石涂层对重金属的吸收和释放

• 批准号: 355232-2008
• 负责人: Schindler, Michael
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=496915
• 关键词: Uptake; release; heavy; metals; minerals

The financial wealth of many countries is tied to their resources and manufacturing industries. In Canada, the processing of mining materials and waste disposal are key sources of the release of heavy metals into the environment. Accumulations of these elements in air, water and soils have a severe impact on the health of the environment. Therefore, understanding the fate of a heavy metal in the environment is critical to predict the presence of contaminants in air, water and soil. Predictive understanding requires knowledge regarding the interaction of a specific element-bearing material with the environment and once the element is released, its interaction with geological and barrier materials. My research focuses on the characterization of the release and uptake of heavy metals by minerals and coatings on rocks and minerals. In my ongoing research, I examine the release of Uranium via the dissolution of secondary uranium minerals, a scenario that would likely occur when nuclear waste comes in contact with Oxygen-rich solutions. A short-term goal of this part of my research is a general understanding between the dissolution properties of a secondary uranium mineral (features and kinetic) and its structure and the crystal-chemical properties of the elements in solution. The major part of my future research will be the characterization of the uptake of heavy metals by coatings and alteration phases. The uptake of heavy metals by minerals was dominantly studied using non-altered surfaces. However, mineral surfaces exposed to the atmosphere can be altered or covered by coatings and their interaction with heavy metal thus depends on the composition and structural features of alteration layers or alteration phases in proximity to the "parent" minerals. These examinations will include laboratory experiments on the uptake of heavy metals by alteration layers on silicate minerals. Furthermore, coatings and alteration phases will be studied in mine tailings and acidic soils around Sudbury and in the U-deposits of Elliot Lake and Pena Blanca, Mexico. The results from the studies at the U-deposits will give a better understanding on the mobilization of Uranium in mine tailings or nuclear waste repositories that are hosted in silica-rich lithologies.

许多国家的金融财富与其资源和制造业息息相关。在加拿大，采矿材料的加工和废物处理是重金属释放到环境中的主要来源。这些元素在空气、水和土壤中的积累对环境健康产生严重影响。因此，了解重金属在环境中的命运对于预测空气、水和土壤中污染物的存在至关重要。预测性理解需要了解特定含元素材料与环境的相互作用，以及元素释放后与地质和屏障材料的相互作用。我的研究重点是矿物和岩石和矿物上的涂层对重金属的释放和吸收的表征。在我正在进行的研究中，我研究了通过次生铀矿物溶解释放铀的情况，这种情况可能发生在核废料与富氧溶液接触时。这部分研究的短期目标是对次生铀矿物的溶解性质（特征和动力学）及其结构和溶液中元素的晶体化学性质有一个总体的了解。我未来研究的主要部分将是涂层和蚀变相对重金属吸收的表征。矿物对重金属的吸收主要是使用非蚀变表面进行研究的。然而，暴露于大气中的矿物表面可以被涂层改变或覆盖，因此它们与重金属的相互作用取决于“母体”矿物附近的蚀变层或蚀变相的组成和结构特征。这些检查将包括关于硅酸盐矿物蚀变层吸收重金属的实验室实验。此外，还将对萨德伯里周围的尾矿和酸性土壤以及墨西哥埃利奥特湖和佩纳布兰卡的铀矿床中的涂层和蚀变相进行研究。铀矿床研究的结果将使人们更好地了解富硅岩石中的尾矿或核废料储存库中铀的活动情况。