Arsenic transformations in terrestrial animals

陆生动物中砷的转化

• 批准号: 1546-2009
• 负责人: Reimer, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Royal Military College of Canada
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=497594
• 关键词: Arsenic; transformations; terrestrial; animals

Arsenic is well known as a poison and a cancer-causing agent. We propose to study how the chemical form of arsenic changes in the environment, and how these changes influence the potential for harmful effects to humans or animals when they are exposed to arsenic. We will do this by first measuring the arsenic chemical forms present in samples that humans or animals may be exposed to. We will also determine the reasons for the arsenic changes with a focus on whether they occur as detoxification responses. We will use two tools that we have expertise in: synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, complemented by conventional testing methods, to characterize the distribution of arsenic, and a testing method called bioaccessibility. Bioaccessibility testing allows us to mimic the gastro-intestinal environment of humans or animals in a laboratory environment and gives us the amount of arsenic that is soluble in the stomach and intestines. The first step we will undertake will be to develop conventional testing methods that can identify arsenic-sulfur species, allowing us to quantify these species in samples whose arsenic concentrations are too low to study by XAS. Our second step will be to determine the chemical forms of arsenic in birds, mammals and insects, by combined conventional (including the methods developed for arsenic-sulfur analysis) and XAS methods. The third step is to measure the arsenic chemical forms that are soluble in the gastro-intestinal environment (bioaccessible) in some of these samples, which will help us to determine if humans or animals are at risk of harmful effects from arsenic exposure.

砷是一种众所周知的毒药和致癌物。我们建议研究砷的化学形态如何在环境中变化，以及这些变化如何影响暴露于砷的人类或动物的潜在有害影响。为此，我们将首先测量人类或动物可能接触到的样品中砷的化学形式。我们还将确定砷变化的原因，重点是它们是否作为解毒反应发生。我们将使用我们拥有专业知识的两种工具：基于同步加速器的x射线吸收光谱，辅以传统的测试方法，以表征砷的分布，以及一种称为生物可及性的测试方法。生物可及性测试使我们能够在实验室环境中模拟人类或动物的胃肠道环境，并为我们提供可溶于胃肠道的砷的量。我们将采取的第一步是开发能够识别砷硫物种的常规测试方法，使我们能够在砷浓度过低而无法用XAS研究的样品中量化这些物种。我们的第二步将是通过结合传统（包括砷硫分析方法）和XAS方法来确定鸟类、哺乳动物和昆虫中砷的化学形式。第三步是测量其中一些样品中可溶于胃肠道环境（生物可及性）的砷化学形式，这将帮助我们确定人类或动物是否有砷暴露的有害影响风险。