Arsenic transformations in the human environment

砷在人类环境中的转化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06176
• 负责人: Reimer, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Royal Military College of Canada
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612076
• 关键词: Arsenic; transformations; human; environment

Arsenic is well known as a poison and a cancer-causing agent. We propose to study how the chemical form of arsenic changes in the environment, and how these changes influence the potential for harmful effects to humans when they are exposed to arsenic. One of our objectives is to study the change of arsenic’s chemical form, from toxic inorganic arsenic, found in soil and plants, to non-toxic arsenobetaine, found in mushrooms. In doing this we hope to isolate the exact organisms and mechanisms that are responsible for changing arsenic from a toxic to a non-toxic form. We will also determine the arsenic forms in mushrooms commonly found in grocery stores, as well as other food products, including foraged foods, an increasingly popular food trend. We will also study the removal of arsenic from water and soil using wetland plants that take up large concentrations of arsenic, specifically Equisetum sp. (horsetails). For these studies we will use tools in which we have expertise: a synchrotron-based X-ray analysis method (called X-ray absorption spectroscopy), complemented by conventional testing methods, to characterize the distribution of arsenic; and a testing method called bioaccessibility. Bioaccessibility testing allows us to mimic the gastro-intestinal environment of humans or animals in a laboratory, and gives us the amount of arsenic that is soluble in the human stomach and intestines. The proposed work will give insight into possible detoxification and remediation strategies for arsenic contamination of water and soil, as well as the possible arsenic exposures and risks that Canadians may face in their food supply.

砷被称为毒药和癌症引起癌症的剂。我们建议研究环境中砷的化学形式如何变化，以及这些变化如何影响人类暴露于砷时对人类的潜力。我们的目标之一是研究砷的化学形式的变化，从在土壤和植物中发现的有毒的无机砷，再到在肌肉室中发现的无毒砷。在这样做的过程中，我们希望隔离导致砷从毒性变为无毒形式的确切生物和机制。我们还将确定杂货店中常见的肌肉商店中的砷形式，以及其他食品，包括觅食，这是一种日益流行的食物趋势。我们还将使用占用大量砷的湿地植物（特别是Equisetum sp）研究从水和土壤中去除砷。 （马尾）。对于这些研究，我们将使用具有专业知识的工具：一种基于同步加速器的X射线分析方法（称为X射线抽象光谱），通过常规测试方法完成，以表征砷的分布；和一种称为BioAcactibility的测试方法。生物访问性测试使我们能够模仿实验室中人类或动物的胃肠道环境，并为我们提供了在人类胃和肠道中坚固的砷。拟议的工作将深入了解水和土壤砷污染的可能排毒和补救策略，以及加拿大人在食品供应中可能面临的砷暴露和风险。