Mitigation of GHG emissions by the afforestation of open woodlands within the continuous boreal forest

为了扩大减少温室气体排放的全球任务，《京都议定书》（KP）允许将重新造林和造林活动计入碳(C)封存。虽然黑云杉在野火后的再生能力普遍较好，但有时也会出现再生能力差的情况，导致封闭冠黑云杉羽苔林向开放黑云杉地衣林地的不可逆转化。在曲梅省的封闭冠状北方森林中——可能在加拿大的北方森林中更远的地方——大量可用的OWs在理论上代表了碳固存和抵消工业温室气体排放的重要潜力。但是，需要解决与这一潜力有关的若干不确定因素，以尽量减少不确定因素的范围，并最大限度地发挥OW造林项目的缓解效益。该研究计划在两个不同的研究轴上解决了这些重要的不确定性：1)OWs对造林的支持能力，在木材产量和土壤肥力方面；2)人工林中碳储量的持久性，特别是木材产品和生物能源的整合，以及自然干扰的影响。至少有3个指标可以说明预期结果的价值和拟议研究的产业相关性。首先，结果的最终结果将是通过“国内抵消信用”制度，帮助该小组的主要工业伙伴遵守其在加拿大空气排放监管框架（RFAE）下的国家义务。与其他方法相比，北方OW造林是一种有利的补偿方法。例如，北半球的植树造林没有（或很少）失去机会，这与在休耕地或废弃农业用地植树造林相反，在这些土地上，由于所有权或其他可能的土地而经常发生冲突

To extend the worldwide task of reduction in GHG emissions, the Kyoto Protocol (KP) allow reforestation and afforestation activities to be accounted for carbon (C) sequestration. While black spruce is generally well adapted to regenerate after wildfire, poor regeneration can sometimes occur, resulting in the irreversible conversion of closed-crown black spruce feathermoss stands to open black spruce-lichen woodlands (OWs). The large amount of available OWs within the closed-crown boreal forest in the province of Québec - and probably further more across the boreal forest of Canada - represents a significant theoretical potential for C sequestration and offset of industrial GHG emissions. However, several uncertainties associated to this potential need to be addressed to minimize the range of uncertainties and maximize the mitigation benefits of an OW afforestation project. The research proposal addresses these important uncertainties, in two distinct research axes: 1) The support capacity of OWs to afforestation, in terms of both wood yield and soil fertility; 2) The permanence of C stocks in afforested OWs, particularly the integration of wood products and bioenergy, and the impact of natural disturbances. There are at least 3 indicators that illustrate the value of expected results and the industrial relevance of the proposed research. First, the ultimate outcome of the results will be to help the main industrial partner of the team to comply to its national obligations under the Canadian Regulatory framework for air emissions (RFAE), through the system of "domestic offset credits". Also, the boreal OW afforestation is an advantageous offset method compared to other methods. For instance, the boreal OW afforestation represents no (or very few) lost of opportunity, contrary to afforestation on fallow lands or abandoned agricultural lands where conflicts often arise because of ownership rights or other possible land