Mitigation of GHG emissions by the afforestation of open woodlands within the continuous boreal forest

为了扩大减少温室气体排放的全球任务，《京都议定书》允许将重新造林和植树造林活动计入碳(C)固存。虽然黑云杉一般能很好地适应野火后的再生，但有时会出现更新不良的情况，导致闭冠黑云杉羽毛苔藓林不可逆转地转变为开放的黑云杉-地衣林地(OWS)。魁北克省北部闭合树冠森林内的大量可用挥发性有机污染物--可能在整个加拿大北部森林中更多--代表着在理论上具有巨大的碳固存和抵消工业温室气体排放的潜力。然而，需要解决与这一潜力相关的几个不确定因素，以最大限度地减少不确定因素的范围，最大限度地发挥OW植树造林项目的缓解效益。该研究提案从两个不同的研究方向解决了这些重要的不确定因素：1)从木材产量和土壤肥力两方面来看，可再生水对植树造林的支持能力；2)可再生可再生能源在绿化可再生可再生能源中的持久性，特别是木材产品和生物能源的整合，以及自然干扰的影响。至少有3个指标说明了预期成果的价值和拟议研究的产业相关性。首先，结果的最终结果将是通过“国内补偿信用”制度，帮助团队的主要工业合作伙伴履行其在加拿大空气排放管制框架(RFAE)下的国家义务。北方裸露地造林是一种比其他方法更具优势的补偿方法。例如，北方的OW植树造林不会(或很少)失去机会，而不是在休耕土地或废弃的农地上植树造林，后者经常因为所有权或其他可能的土地而发生冲突。

To extend the worldwide task of reduction in GHG emissions, the Kyoto Protocol (KP) allow reforestation and afforestation activities to be accounted for carbon (C) sequestration. While black spruce is generally well adapted to regenerate after wildfire, poor regeneration can sometimes occur, resulting in the irreversible conversion of closed-crown black spruce feathermoss stands to open black spruce-lichen woodlands (OWs). The large amount of available OWs within the closed-crown boreal forest in the province of Québec - and probably further more across the boreal forest of Canada - represents a significant theoretical potential for C sequestration and offset of industrial GHG emissions. However, several uncertainties associated to this potential need to be addressed to minimize the range of uncertainties and maximize the mitigation benefits of an OW afforestation project. The research proposal addresses these important uncertainties, in two distinct research axes: 1) The support capacity of OWs to afforestation, in terms of both wood yield and soil fertility; 2) The permanence of C stocks in afforested OWs, particularly the integration of wood products and bioenergy, and the impact of natural disturbances. There are at least 3 indicators that illustrate the value of expected results and the industrial relevance of the proposed research. First, the ultimate outcome of the results will be to help the main industrial partner of the team to comply to its national obligations under the Canadian Regulatory framework for air emissions (RFAE), through the system of "domestic offset credits". Also, the boreal OW afforestation is an advantageous offset method compared to other methods. For instance, the boreal OW afforestation represents no (or very few) lost of opportunity, contrary to afforestation on fallow lands or abandoned agricultural lands where conflicts often arise because of ownership rights or other possible land