Identification and Functional Characterization of Genes Involved in Abscisic Acid and Brassinosteroid Catabolism in Grapevine

葡萄脱落酸和油菜素类固醇分解代谢相关基因的鉴定和功能表征

• 批准号: 298254-2012
• 负责人: Lund, Steven
• 金额: $ 0.76万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=506252
• 关键词: Identification; Functional; Characterization; Genes; Involved

Grapevine berries are commercially cultivated primarily for value added products such as wines in Canada. Wine grapes are produced mainly in Ontario and British Columbia, as well as Quebec and Nova Scotia. As well as being an economically important food product, pigmented ('red') grapes are rich in antioxidant compounds which have numerous reported human health benefits. Fruit physiologists classify ripening into two categories, climacteric and non-climacteric. A small number of agriculturally important fruits are non-climacteric, including grapevine berries. Non-climacteric fruits do not exhibit increases in respiration and the production of the plant hormone, ethylene, at the onset of ripening that are characteristic of the many climacteric fruit species. Unlike the well-characterized ethylene signal transduction cascade in climacteric ripening initiation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of non-climacteric ripening are poorly understood. Evidence from grapevine suggests that the principal hormones controlling non-climacteric ripening initiation (called 'veraison' by viticulturists) are the plant hormones, abscisic acid and brassinosteroids, while ethylene apparently plays a minor, additive role. In this project, we will identify genes controlling modifications to these hormones which make them inactive in plant cells and characterize potential roles for these genes in regulating veraison in grapevine berries. By better understanding hormone metabolism and other regulatory mechanisms controlling hormone action at veraison, we can identify molecular targets for: 1) developing biomarkers for ripening onset, which viticulturists have indicated would be a beneficial management tool and 2) genetically modifying grapevine to shorten the time from fruit set to veraison, which is desirable for cool climate viticulture in Canada.

在加拿大，葡萄浆果的商业种植主要是为了获得附加值产品，如葡萄酒。酿酒葡萄主要产于安大略省和不列颠哥伦比亚省，以及魁北克和新斯科舍省。除了作为一种重要的经济食品外，着色(红色)葡萄还富含抗氧化剂化合物，据报道，这些化合物对人体健康有许多好处。水果生理学家将成熟分为两类，跃变期和非跃变期。少数在农业上很重要的水果是非跃变型的，包括葡萄浆果。非跃变型水果在成熟时不会表现出呼吸作用的增加和植物激素乙烯的产生，这是许多跃变型水果物种的特征。与跃变期成熟启动过程中乙烯信号转导通路不同，控制非跃变期成熟的分子机制知之甚少。来自葡萄的证据表明，控制非跃变型成熟启动的主要激素是植物激素、脱落酸和油菜素类固醇，而乙烯显然起到了次要的相加作用。在这个项目中，我们将确定控制这些激素的修饰的基因，使它们在植物细胞中不活跃，并表征这些基因在调节葡萄浆果中的维拉松方面的潜在作用。通过更好地了解激素代谢和其他控制激素在veraison中作用的调节机制，我们可以确定以下分子靶标：1)开发成熟开始的生物标记物，这将是一种有益的管理工具；2)对葡萄进行基因改造，缩短从结果到veraison的时间，这是加拿大寒冷气候的葡萄栽培所希望的。