Effects of background music on cognitive abilities

背景音乐对认知能力的影响

• 批准号: 203069-2012
• 负责人: Schellenberg, EGlenn
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=506637
• 关键词: Effects; background; music; cognitive; abilities

Listening to music while doing something else is common yet the effects of background music on cognitive abilities are poorly understood. Conflicting findings from the available literature are likely to stem from the costs and benefits of background music that vary across contexts, tasks, and individuals. On the one hand, it is well established that music listening can improve how the listener feels, and enhanced emotional states (i.e., mood and arousal levels) improve cognitive performance. On the other hand, cognitive capacities, particularly those of working memory, are finite, and background music by definition implies that the listener is doing two (or more) things at once: the primary task (reading, driving, etc.) and listening to music. Hence, background music may reduce cognitive resources available for the primary task and hinder performance. These two opposing forces undoubtedly lead to positive effects in some instances but to negative effects in other instances. Moreover, the costs and benefits of background music are bound to vary across individuals.

一边听音乐一边做其他事情是很常见的，但背景音乐对认知能力的影响却知之甚少。现有文献中相互矛盾的发现可能源于背景音乐的成本和收益因背景、任务和个人的不同而不同。一方面，众所周知，听音乐可以改善听者的感受，增强的情绪状态(即情绪和唤醒水平)可以改善认知表现。另一方面，认知能力，尤其是工作记忆的认知能力是有限的，根据定义，背景音乐意味着听者同时在做两件(或更多)事情：主要任务(阅读、驾驶等)。听音乐。因此，背景音乐可能会减少可用于主要任务的认知资源，并阻碍表现。这两种对立的力量在某些情况下无疑会产生积极的影响，但在其他情况下会产生负面的影响。此外，背景音乐的成本和收益肯定会因个人而异。