Cold region soil hydrology and runoff processes

(1)尽管多年冻土在一年中的大部分时间都处于冻结状态，但令人惊讶的是，人们对在这段时间内重新分配土壤水分的过程知之甚少。有证据表明，越冬水分运动强烈影响次年春季的径流。使用新设计的能够测量固体和液态水相的仪器，将在西北地区的育空地区和一个气候变化实验设施进行实验，以确定在冰冻条件下控制水重新分配的因素。这将是第一次收集多年冻土中冻结条件下相变和水分运动的实时数据的实验。数据将被用来验证现有的数值模型，然后该模型将被用来检查鼓励冻土中水分迁移的阈值和条件。

(1) Despite permafrost soils being frozen for the majority of the year, surprisingly little is known about the processes that act to redistribute water in the soil during this time. Evidence suggests that over-winter water movement strongly influences runoff the following spring. Using newly designed instruments capable of measuring solid and liquid water phases, experiments will be conducted in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and an experimental climate change facility to determine the factors that control the redistribution of water under freezing conditions. This will be the first experiment collecting real-time data of phase-change and water movement below freezing in permafrost soils. Data will be used to validate an existing numerical model, which will then be used to examine thresholds and conditions that encourage moisture migration in frozen soils.