Phosphorus transformation and transport from fertilizers and manures

温尼伯湖是世界第十大淡水湖和第三大水力发电水库。然而，它的健康目前受到过量营养负荷的威胁，特别是磷(P)。迫切需要更好地了解磷的性质以及它在马尼托巴省土壤中是如何转化的，以帮助制定有效地减少磷从土壤向地表水移动的做法。我的研究项目是研究在添加化肥和有机肥后磷在土壤中的迁移和转化。我已经提出了一系列关于化肥和粪便磷的研究，这些研究将解决马尼托巴省管理磷的一些环境和农学挑战。在农学领域，我研究的长期目标是显著提高作物对肥料磷的吸收效率。为了实现这一目标，我将进行研究，以量化和鉴定在磷肥中以两个波段添加非磷酸盐时形成的磷矿物。这些信息将有助于我们找到提高作物磷肥利用率的正确配方。磷肥利用率的提高将通过降低投入成本和减少土壤残留磷为加拿大农民带来经济和环境效益。在环境方面，目标是通过研究植酸酶、高有效磷颗粒(如HAP大麦)和粪便固液分离等技术的使用及其对粪便中磷的形态及其在土壤中的溶解的影响来减少土壤中的磷负荷。这将确保减少粪便磷水平的管理选择不会导致磷溶解度增加的环境问题。我将与工程师合作，研究固液分离及其减少土壤磷负荷的潜力。这项研究的结果将有助于我们开发商业规模的系统，有效地去除猪粪中的固体和磷。如果富磷固体能够被分离出来，那么液体可以在猪舍附近用来提供氮，而富磷固体可以被输送到更远的地方，作为磷源在其他地方种植。这将解决猪舍附近和动物密度高的地区磷负荷过高的问题。

Lake Winnipeg is the 10th largest body of freshwater and the third largest reservoir of hydroelectric in the world. However, its health is currently threatened by excess nutrient loading particularly phosphorus (P). There is an urgent need to better understand the nature of phosphorus and how it is transformed in Manitoba soils to aid in developing practices that effectively reduce the movement of P from soil to surface waters. My research program investigates the transport and transformation of P in soil following additions of fertilizers and manures. I have proposed a series of studies on both fertilizer and manure P that will address some of the environmental and agronomic challenges of managing P in Manitoba. In the area of agronomy, the long-term objective of my studies is to significantly increase the efficiency of fertilizer P uptake by the crop. To achieve this objective, I will conduct studies to quantify and identify P minerals that are formed when non-phosphate salts are added to P fertilizer in dual bands. This information will help us to find the right formula for improving the fertilizer use efficiency of P by the crop. An increase in P fertilizer use efficiency will provide economic and environmental benefits to Canadian farmers through reduced input cost and reduced residual soil P. In the area of environment, the goal is to reduce P loading to the soil by examining the use of technologies such as phytase enzyme, highly available P grains (e.g. HAP Barley) and solid-liquid separation on manure and their effects on the forms of manure P and its solubility in the soil. This will ensure that management options for reducing manure P levels do not lead to the environmental problem of increased P solubility. I will collaborate with engineers on solid-liquid separation and its potential to reduce P loading to the soil. Results from this study will assist us develop commercial-scale system for effective removal of solids and P from swine manure. If the P rich solids can the separated then the liquid can be used near swine barns to provide nitrogen and the P-rich solid can be transported further away to serve as P source to crop elsewhere. This will address the issue of excessive P loading in the vicinity of hog barns and in regions with high animal density.