Influence of dynamics on glacier and ice-sheet mass balance

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Estimates of the future mass balance of the cryosphere will require the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets to be considered, even on short time scales. The proposed research will address the role that dynamics play in modulating glacier and ice-sheet mass balance, which in turn has scientifically and societally important implications for freshwater resources and global sea level. Because water acts as a lubricant, glacier hydrology underpins much of what we understand about how fast, and the way in which, ice masses flow. Hydrological modelling is therefore at the core of the proposed research. The overarching goal of this research is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between ice dynamics and mass balance, and in particular, to put forward theoretical and computational descriptions of the role that glacier hydrology plays in this relationship. The specific objectives of the research are divided by scale: (1) to theoretically assess the influence of subglacial hydrology on the spatial distribution and temporal variability of fast flow within ice sheets, and (2) to identify and characterize the mutual influence of glacier dynamics and mass balance at the basin scale, and evaluate the implications of this relationship for regional glacier mass balance and runoff. The research methodology includes both field data collection and computer-based modelling and analysis. The proposed research builds on extensive glaciohydraulic modelling experience over the last eight years, and capitalizes on state-of-the-art glacier dynamics models currently under development. The continental-scale component of the research will rely on published data sets and benefit from several emerging and prospective collaborations. The field component springs naturally from the currently funded field program, and benefits from baseline data collected over the last four years. This research would augment our understanding of the glaciohydraulic processes that link glacier mass balance to sea-level change, and apply our basic understanding of these processes to freshwater resource problems. The proposed program relies heavily on the participation of students, and offers research training opportunities from the undergraduate to postdoctoral levels.