Encoding and retrieval factors in human memory

人类记忆中的编码和检索因素

• 批准号: 8261-2013
• 负责人: Craik, Fergus
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=521107
• 关键词: Encoding; retrieval; factors; human; memory

The general goals of the proposed program are to continue my investigations of relevant factors in memory encoding and retrieval processes by focusing on several outstanding questions that are necessary for a fuller understanding of human memory and its changes across the lifespan. These questions include the nature of working memory and its relations to attention, executive functions and specific abilities; the nature of 'processing resources' and their role in age-related memory changes; factors influencing performance in prospective memory tasks, and experiments on the reality of 'recognition without awareness.' I also plan to continue work on the effects of bilingualism on memory and attentional control, with some emphasis on their neural correlates. In preliminary work we have shown that measures of verbal and spatial WM are essentially independent; I now wish to extend this experiment to measure WM for verbal, spatial, musical and face-recognition abilities. The major questions concern the domain generality or specificity of both the ability and the attentional control aspects of WM. I will also examine this question in a collaborative fMRI study. I will continue to explore questions relating to the concept of attentional resources and their role in encoding and retrieval processes; can age-related memory difficulties be traced to declining processing resources? In a third group of studies, I will continue collaborative work on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive aging. The two main lines here are first an experiment to explore possible beneficial effects of bilingualism on memory in older adults. My prediction is that effects will be strongest with nonverbal material and in the 'conscious recollection' aspect of recognition. We also plan a neuroimaging study to follow up on preliminary findings that suggest that bilingualism is a form of cognitive reserve. We wish to confirm the notion that bilingualism does not slow the rate of age-related atrophy of medial-temporal regions, but rather enhances compensatory activity located in the frontal lobes. Finally, I will conduct experiments on recognition without awareness, and on age-related differences in prospective memory and planning.

该计划的总体目标是通过关注几个突出的问题来继续我对记忆编码和检索过程中相关因素的研究，这些问题对于更全面地理解人类记忆及其在整个生命周期中的变化是必要的。这些问题包括工作记忆的性质及其与注意力、执行功能和特定能力的关系；“加工资源”的性质及其在年龄相关记忆变化中的作用；前瞻记忆任务中影响表现的因素，以及“无意识识别”现实的实验。我还计划继续研究双语对记忆和注意力控制的影响，重点关注它们的神经关联。在初步的研究中，我们已经表明语言和空间记忆的测量基本上是独立的；我现在希望将这个实验扩展到测量WM在语言、空间、音乐和面部识别能力方面的能力。主要的问题涉及WM的能力和注意控制方面的领域普遍性或特异性。我还将在一个合作的功能磁共振研究中研究这个问题。我将继续探讨与注意资源的概念及其在编码和检索过程中的作用有关的问题；与年龄相关的记忆困难可以追溯到处理资源的下降吗？在第三组研究中，我将继续合作研究双语对认知老化的影响。这里有两条主线，首先是一个探索双语对老年人记忆可能有益影响的实验。我的预测是，非语言材料和认知的“有意识回忆”方面的影响将是最强的。我们还计划进行一项神经影像学研究，以跟进初步发现，表明双语是一种认知储备形式。我们希望证实这样一种观点，即双语不会减缓与年龄相关的中颞叶萎缩的速度，而是增强位于额叶的代偿活动。最后，我将进行无意识的识别实验，以及前瞻性记忆和计划的年龄相关差异实验。