Investigation of host resistance to Fusarium graminearum in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）寄主对禾谷镰刀菌抗性的调查

• 批准号: 36693-2013
• 负责人: BruleBabel, Anita
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=521420
• 关键词: Investigation; host; resistance; Fusarium; graminearum

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat that has cost Canadian producers in excess of one billion dollars since the early 1980s. The primary causal agent of this disease in Canada is the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Infection with F. graminearum leads to development of shrunken or shrivelled kernels which reduce crop yield and compromise end-use quality. Mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulate in the infected grain. Mycotoxins are toxic to humans and some animals, and limit the marketability and value of the grain. Low international limits for mycotoxins in food and feed pose a threat to marketability of Canadian grain. Incorporation of genetic resistance in wheat cultivars is an essential component of the multi-pronged strategy for FHB control. Five types of FHB resistance have been described in wheat. Resistance to initial infection (Type I) and resistance to spread of infection (Type II) have been well characterized by scientists and numerous sources of resistance have been identified. However, even with Type I and II resistance, some wheat genotypes accumulate significantly higher levels of mycotoxin than others. DON content poses the biggest threat to food and feed safety and is considered to be a major contributor to disease progression in Fusarium infected wheat. The long term objectives of this research are to understand the role of wheat resistance and management practices in DON accumulation in wheat. This will be achieved by: 1) Mapping genes controlling DON accumulation as well as disease incidence, severity, index and Fusarium damaged kernels in winter wheat populations and examining the relationship between the different measurements of FHB reaction, 2) Investigating the relationship between candidate resistance genes and DON accumulation, and 3) Determining the role of management, timing of infection, pre-harvest and harvest conditions in DON accumulation in grain. This research will significantly reduce losses to FHB, improve food and feed safety of wheat produced around the world.

自1980年代初以来，镰刀菌头疫病（FHB）是一种毁灭性的小麦疾病，其成本超过了十亿美元。加拿大这种疾病的主要因果因素是真菌病原体fusarium graminearum。 F. graminearum感染会导致萎缩或萎缩的核的发展，从而降低农作物产量并损害最终用途的质量。霉菌毒素（例如脱氧烯醇（DON））积聚在感染谷物中。霉菌毒素对人类和某些动物有毒，并限制谷物的销售性和价值。食物和饲料中霉菌毒素的国际限制较低，对加拿大谷物的销售性构成了威胁。小麦品种中的遗传抗性是FHB控制策略的重要组成部分。在小麦中描述了五种类型的FHB抗性。对初始感染（I型）的抵抗力和对感染传播的抗性（II型）的耐药性已得到科学家的良好特征，并且已经确定了许多抗药性来源。但是，即使具有I型和II耐药性，某些小麦基因型也会比其他小麦的霉菌毒素水平明显更高。 DON的内容对食品和饲料安全构成了最大的威胁，被认为是造福斯菌感染小麦疾病进展的主要因素。这项研究的长期目标是了解小麦抵抗力和管理实践在小麦积累中的作用。 This will be achieved by: 1) Mapping genes controlling DON accumulation as well as disease incidence, severity, index and Fusarium damaged kernels in winter wheat populations and examining the relationship between the different measurements of FHB reaction, 2) Investigating the relationship between candidate resistance genes and DON accumulation, and 3) Determining the role of management, timing of infection, pre-harvest and harvest conditions in DON accumulation in grain.这项研究将大大减少FHB的损失，改善全球生产的小麦的食物和饲料安全性。