Data communication in wireless ad hoc, sensor and vehicular networks

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Ad hoc networks are multi-hop wireless networks consisting of wireless autonomous hosts, where each host may serve as a router to assists traffic from other nodes. The applications of sensor networks are envisioned primarily for monitoring the environment (e.g. motion and fire detection, chemicals, temperature) or as embedded systems. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicles are equipped with wireless devices for communication to other vehicles and to road side units. VANETs allow the vehicles to become integrated within an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This research plan concentrates on the network layer of ad hoc, sensor, actuator, robot, and vehicular networks, and applies a cross layering design, considering realistic physical and medium access protocols and power efficiency. In data communication problems, such as routing, geocasting, multicasting, and broadcasting (sending a message from a source node to one destination node, all nodes in a region, or several destination nodes, respectively), the primary goal is to fulfill a given communication task successfully between nodes in ad hoc network. The secondary task is to minimize the communication overhead (since bandwidth in wireless communication is typically limited) and power consumption by battery operated nodes. There are also a variety of data dissemination, data gathering, data aggregation, robot assisted or self placement and relocation issues in sensor networks. In VANETs, geocasting is used for warning dissemination while routing provides location based services. High variability of mobility speeds, and intermittent connectivity pose unique and new challenges for the design of data communication protocols in VANETs. Localized algorithms, where nodes make decisions based on local knowledge, will provide scalability, which is not achieved with standard centralized or distributed solutions. Beaconless algorithms do not require neighbor knowledge and address node mobility. Simplicity is also our important criterion. Parallel advance of useful modeling, from unit disk graphs to realistic physical layers, provides tractability and approaching application level for designed protocols.