Gastrointestinal organic acid production and metabolism

在腹泻和其他疾病中发生的代谢性酸中毒是疾病和死亡的重要原因，特别是在幼畜和儿童中。代谢性酸中毒是一个值得关注的问题，因为当血液pH值低于身体功能最佳的范围时，会导致包括死亡在内的各种问题。腹泻的另一个并发症是脱水，脱水会加重血液酸中毒。腹泻性酸中毒的发展尚不清楚。在腹泻小牛，我们最近表明，一种酸，d -乳酸，是存在于血液中的高水平。我们还表明，这种酸本身就是导致酸中毒的一些症状，特别是大脑紊乱，包括不适当的行为和精神错乱。这种酸只能由肠道中的细菌产生。在腹泻小牛中，肠道损伤导致d -乳酸进入血液，引起有害的酸中毒。我们相信，包括人类在内的许多其他物种也存在类似的机制。我们这个拨款周期的目标是：A)确定D-乳酸和D-乳酸酸中毒的存在，除了小牛，在健康和患病的情况下，B)确定是否有其他化合物导致严重腹泻中的酸中毒，C)确定酸中毒以及D-乳酸对大脑和肾脏功能的影响，D)确定D-乳酸是否抑制l -乳酸进入脑细胞及其在大脑中的代谢，E)评估目前用于逆转酸中毒的治疗方法。F)通过喂养不产生d -乳酸的细菌（益生菌）或有助于减少d -乳酸产生的化合物（益生元）来治疗d -乳酸酸中毒，作为抗生素治疗的替代品。这项研究将有助于我们进一步了解代谢性酸中毒，特别是腹泻中的d -乳酸酸中毒，这既是加拿大农业的巨大经济损失的原因，也是全世界许多儿童的疾病。

The metabolic acidosis that occurs in diarrhea, as well as in other diseases, is a significant cause of illness and death, especially in young animals and children. Metabolic acidosis is a cause for concern because when blood pH decreases below the range at which the body functions best various problems including death can result. Another complication of diarrhea is dehydration which can make the acidosis in blood worse. The development of acidosis in diarrhea is not well understood. In diarrheic calves, we have recently shown that an acid, D-lactate, is present in the blood at high levels. We have also shown that this acid alone is responsible for some of the symptoms present in acidosis, especially brain disturbances including inappropriate behaviour and confusion. This acid is produced only by bacteria in the gut. In diarrheic calves, injury to the gut results in D-lactate passing into the blood causing the harmful acidosis. We believe a similar mechanism occurs in many other species, including humans. Our objectives for this grant cycle are: A) To determine the presence of D-lactate and D-lactic acidosis, in species other than the calf, in both healthy and diseased conditions, B) to determine whether additional compounds contribute to the acidosis present in severe diarrhea, C) to determine the effect of acidosis, as well as D-lactate, on brain and kidney function, D) to determine if D-lactate inhibits L-lactate uptake into brain cells and its metabolism in the brain, E) to valuate the current therapies used in reversing acidosis, and F) to treat D-lactic acidosis by feeding bacteria (probiotics) that do not produce D-lactate or compounds (prebiotics) which help in decreasing the production of D-lactate, as alternatives to antibiotic therapy. This research will help further our understanding of metabolic acidosis, especially D-lactic acidosis, in diarrhea, which is both a cause of great economic loss in the agricultural industry in Canada and a disease that afflicts many children worldwide.