Constrained sequence codes for wireless and optical digital communication systems

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Constrained sequence coding is widely used in binary communication systems in order to improve the performance of these systems. These coding techniques do so by ensuring that the encoded sequences have characteristics that, with high probability, will result in their accurate demodulation in the receiver. These characteristics include time-domain constraints such as limits to the maximum and minimum runlengths of like-valued bits, and frequency-domain constraints such a spectral null at one or more predefined frequencies. However, the advantages of constrained sequence codes have not yet been recognized by the designers of wireless systems in which the signaling constellations are larger than binary, nor by the designers of optical OFDM systems in which high peak-to-average power ratios result in signal degradation.