Radiation hazard screening strategies for persons exposed to radioactive materials

针对接触放射性物质的人员的辐射危害筛查策略

• 批准号: 298187-2011
• 负责人: Waller, Edward
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Ontario Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=525903
• 关键词: Radiation; hazard; screening; strategies; persons

The research program to be supported is in analytical techniques, response tools and countermeasures for radiological emergencies. This program has numerous facets, including research in (a) risk from radiological aerosols, (b) rapid triage and treatment from inhalation of radiological insults, and (c) exposure assessment from accidentally contaminated personnel in nuclear power plants. The research program focus is on protection of the public and workers in the event of a radiological accident or other emergency. It is important to rapidly determine risk after a radiological release to provide possible therapeutic treatments (for example, decorporation therapy), to allay fears, and to ensure that workers are either removed from radiological duty or permitted to resume work. Germane to determination of risk is assessment of radionuclide intake. Although some radioisotopes that are inhaled or ingested are relatively easily determined from bioassay (for example, tritium in urine), others, such as alpha emitting actinides, are not. This research seeks to generate rapid estimates of actinide levels in urine through liquid scintillation counting by exploring three distinct research foci: (1) improvement of alpha/beta discrimination algorithms (through, for example, spectral deconvolution) in liquid scintillation counting to improve minimum detectable activity, (2) design and fabrication of new liquid scintillation vials and photomultipliers to improve the light output/detection efficiency, hence lower the detection limit for alpha emitting radionuclides, and (3) exploration of a novel technique to yield a neutron generating reaction in the LSC vial and use neutrons as a surrogate measurement for actinide alpha emitting reactions, i.e. (a,n). The research will have great significance to the health physics and emergency response community for rapid determination of actinide intake. It will be of equal interest to industrial and government agencies that have requirements to protect the health and security of personnel. The research will benefit the scientific community by adding to the knowledge base of rapid actinide determination from bioassay samples, and by training a number of highly qualified personnel (HQP).

支持的研究计划是在分析技术，响应工具和放射性紧急情况的对策。 该方案涉及多个方面，包括研究（a）放射性气溶胶的风险，（B）吸入放射性污染物的快速分类和治疗，以及（c）核电厂意外受污染人员的暴露评估。 研究计划的重点是在发生辐射事故或其他紧急情况时保护公众和工人。 重要的是，在放射性释放后迅速确定风险，以提供可能的治疗（例如，脱髓鞘治疗），减轻恐惧，并确保工人从放射性工作中解脱出来或允许恢复工作。 对放射性核素摄入量的风险评估是确定风险的关键。 虽然一些吸入或摄入的放射性同位素相对容易通过生物测定法测定（例如，尿液中的氚），但其他放射性同位素，如α放射性锕系元素，则不容易。 这项研究旨在通过液体闪烁计数快速估计尿液中的锕系元素水平，探索三个不同的研究焦点：（1）阿尔法/贝塔鉴别算法的改进（例如，通过光谱去卷积）在液体闪烁计数中以提高最小可检测活性，（2）设计和制造新的液体闪烁管和光电倍增管以提高光输出/检测效率，因此降低了α发射放射性核素的检测极限，以及（3）探索一种新技术，以在LSC小瓶中产生中子生成反应，并使用中子作为锕系元素α发射反应即（a，n）的替代测量。 该研究对健康物理学和应急反应界快速测定锕系元素摄入量具有重要意义。 对于需要保护人员健康和安全的工业和政府机构来说，这将具有同等的利益。 该研究将通过增加从生物测定样品中快速测定锕系元素的知识基础，并通过培训一些高素质的人员（HQP），使科学界受益。