Theoretical and Empirical Approaches to Understanding Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers of Parasite Invasion, Establishment, and Range Expansion in the Arctic

了解北极寄生虫入侵、定居和范围扩张的进化和生态驱动因素的理论和经验方法

• 批准号: 312178-2013
• 负责人: Kutz, Susan
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=526420
• 关键词: Theoretical; Empirical; Approaches; Understanding; Evolutionary

Rapid climate warming has resulted in altered parasite transmission dynamics, parasite invasions, and disease emergence in Arctic ecosystems. Climate change is also having substantial impacts on the ecology and phenology of northern vertebrates and leading to range expansion of southern hosts and their pathogens. Together, these phenomena are dramatically altering Arctic host-parasite dynamics and are expected to result in a 'biodiversity paradox' - a net biodiversity increase coupled with extinctions of endemic arctic species that are unable to adapt rapidly enough. The strong climate signal in the Arctic, its low biodiversity, minimal landscape change, and absence of anthropogenic barriers to parasite expansions, makes it arguably the key model for understanding the effects of climate change on host-parasite interactions.

快速的气候变暖导致北极生态系统中寄生虫传播动力学、寄生虫入侵和疾病出现的改变。气候变化也对北方脊椎动物的生态和物候产生重大影响，并导致南方宿主及其病原体的范围扩大。总之，这些现象正在极大地改变北极宿主-寄生虫动态，预计将导致“生物多样性悖论”-生物多样性净增加，加上北极特有物种的灭绝，这些物种无法迅速适应。北极强烈的气候信号，其生物多样性低，景观变化小，没有人为障碍寄生虫扩张，使它可以说是了解气候变化对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响的关键模型。