Modeling, design, and control of plug-and-play power converters for hybrid renewable distributed energy

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Traditional "central" power plants are typically located far from the load centres, and generally use fossil fuel to generate electricity. These systems are inefficient and bring considerable environmental impact. The use of distributed renewable energy sources offers a variety of environmental, social and public benefits that are increasingly in demand as their greenhouse gas emission reduction, economic development, and environmental benefits become more widely known. Within a short time span of four years, from 2004 to 2008, global photovoltaic (PV) and wind power capacity grew 600% and 250%, respectively. In 2008, Canada has reached installed wind energy capacity of 2369 MW, and the average annual market growth for PV technologies has been over 20% for more than a decade. Individual wind and PV systems can be unreliable due to their variable nature. It is generally observed that wind and sun intensity have a complimentary nature; thus when integrated into a single hybrid system, the intermittent but complementary nature of wind and solar provides a more reliable system. Distributed generation (DG) covers different types of generation including but not limited to renewables. The concept of a hybrid green micro-source offers great potential for providing energy to remote rural areas in a vast country such as Canada.