Evaluation and optimization of in situ chemical oxidation for groundwater remediation

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Groundwater is an immensely important and conditionally renewable natural resource that is used as a supply for domestic and agricultural consumption and sustains a physical and chemical balance with the surface water system. Contamination caused by a wide spectrum of hazardous organic compounds poses an imminent health risk to ecosystems and humans due, in part, to their toxicity and persistence in the subsurface environment. Land contaminated by former industrial or other uses may sit idle for years, posing a barrier to productive redevelopment. Over the last three decades there has been substantial progress to identify, investigate and remediate sites where an unacceptable level of contamination exists. Despite this effort, the clean-up of known sites, yet to be discovered legacy sites and sites where recent spills and accidental releases have occurred will be a major challenge. For the foreseeable future, a significant level of funds will be spent on the remediation of