A novel paradigm of metabolic regulation: acute and chronic redox-circuitry control of energy homeostasis

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Skeletal muscle contraction requires an enormous amount of energy which is supplied mainly through carbohydrates and fats in our diet. Most of this energy is released in special organelles within muscle cells known as mitochondria which break down carbohydrates and fats through specific enzyme pathways. These enzymes must be activated rapidly during contraction. Traditional explanations for enzyme activation include the addition of high-energy molecules, such as phosphates (phosphorylation) to specific sites on enzymes (covalent regulation) or small compounds generated during contraction, such as metabolites, to other sites (allosteric regulation). However, there is evidence for a third form of regulating enzymes which has not been examined in detail with regards to skeletal muscle metabolism: redox signalling.