Predicting dissolved oxygen concentrations in Lake Trout lakes: Developing new tools for a multiple-stressor world

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Canada's Lake Trout lakes are a rare and valuable natural resource in both economic (in Ontario alone, anglers spend an estimated 1. 7 billion dollars on goods and services related to recreational fishing, with lake trout being the preferred species among many anglers) and ecological terms. However, lake trout populations are becoming increasingly threatened by multiple environmental stressors (e.g., over-exploitation, competition with introduced species, nutrient loading), with the added "threat-multiplier" of accelerated climate warming. There is growing concern that habitat quality in the deep waters of many Lake Trout lakes is declining due to oxygen depletion. Moreover, new evidence suggests that declines in deepwater oxygen concentrations may be occurring in lakes where nutrient inputs have not increased, or even where phosphorus inputs or lake nutrient concentrations have decreased over time, creating exceptions to the "increased nutrients, decreased deepwater